Cell Vocabulary

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Active Transport

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the movement of ions or molecules across acellular membrane from a lower to a higherconcentration, requiring the consumption ofenergy.

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ATP

Back 2

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as acoenzyme.

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Carrier Protein

Back 3

A protein that transports specific substance through intracellular compartments, into the extracellular fluid, or across the cell membrane.

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Cell Membrane

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the semipermeable membrane enclosing thecytoplasm of a cell.

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Cell Wall

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the definite boundary or wall that is part of theouter structure of certain cells, as a plant cell.

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Chloroplast

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a plastid containing chlorophyll.

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Diffusion

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an intermingling ofmolecules, ions, etc., resulting from randomthermal agitation, as in the dispersion of avapor in air.

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Endoplasmic

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a network of tubular membranes within thecytoplasm of the cell, occurring either with asmooth surface (smooth endoplasmicreticulum) or studded with ribosomes (roughendoplasmic reticulum) involved in thetransport of materials.

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Eukaryotic

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any organism having as its fundamental structuralunit a cell type that contains specialized organellesin the cytoplasm, a membrane-bound nucleusenclosing genetic material organized intochromosomes, and an elaborate system of divisionby mitosis or meiosis, characteristic of all lifeforms except bacteria, blue-green algae, and otherprimitive microorganisms.

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Flagella

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Biology. a long, lashlike appendage serving as anorgan of locomotion in protozoa, sperm cells, etc.

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Hypertonic

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a greater concentration.

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Hypotonic

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. noting a solution of lowerosmotic pressure than another solution with whichit is compared

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Lysosome

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a cell organelle containing enzymes that digestparticles and that disintegrate the cell after itsdeath.

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Mitochondria

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an organelle in the cytoplasm of cells thatfunctions in energy production

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Nucleus

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a specialized, usually spherical mass ofprotoplasm encased in a double membrane, andfound in most living eukaryotic cells, directing theirgrowth, metabolism, and reproduction, andfunctioning in the transmission of genic characters.

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Organelles

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. a specialized part of a cell havingsome specific function; a cell organ.

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Osmosis

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the tendency of a fluid, usually water, to passthrough a semipermeable membrane into asolution where the solvent concentration ishigher, thus equalizing the concentrations ofmaterials on either side of the membrane.

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Passive Transport

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movement of biochemicals and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes.

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PHagocytosis

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Physiology. the ingestion of a smaller cell or cellfragment, a microorganism, or foreign particles bymeans of the local infolding of a cell's membraneand the protrusion of its cytoplasm around the folduntil the material has been surrounded andengulfed by closure of the membrane andformation of a vacuole: characteristic of amebasand some types of white blood cells.

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Phospholipid

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any of a group of fatty compounds, as lecithin,composed of phosphoric esters, and occurring inliving cells.

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Pinocytosis

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the transport of fluid into a cell by means of local infoldings by the cell membrane so that a tiny sac forms around each droplet, which isthen taken into the interior of the cytoplasm.

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Prokarytotic

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any cellular organism that has no nuclearmembrane, no organelles in the cytoplasm exceptribosomes, and has its genetic material in theform of single continuous strands forming coils orloops, characteristic of all organisms in thekingdom Monera, as the bacteria and blue-greenalgae.

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Ribosomes

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a tiny, somewhat mitten-shaped organelle occurring in great numbers in the cell cytoplasm either freely, in small clusters, or attached to the outer surfaces of endoplasmic reticula, and functioning as the site of protein manufacture.

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Semi- Permeable/ Selectively Permeable

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permeable only to certain small molecules:

a semipermeable membrane.

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Vacuole

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a membrane-bound cavity within a cell, oftencontaining a watery liquid or secretion.