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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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organelle
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Tiny cell structures carry out specific functiones within the cell.
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cell wall
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is a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms. A cell of animals, in contrast do not have cell walls.
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cell membrane
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The next barrier after the cell wall. All cells have cell membrane. The cell membrane controls what substances come into and out of a cell. Barrier between cell and its environment.
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Nucleus
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The structure acts a the "brain" of the cell. lIt is the cell's control center, directing all of the cell's activities.Directs cells activities incuding reproduction. Headquarters.
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Nuclear envelope
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The nucleus is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope. It protects the nucleus. Materials pass in and out of the nucleus through pores in a nuclear envelope. Protects chromatin (DNA)
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Chromatin
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The thin, strands floating directly ahead in the nucleus. These strands, chromatin, contain genetic materials, the instructions for directing a cell's functiones. Ex. instructions in chromatin ensure that leaf cells grow and devide to from more leaf cells. DNA+ histone proteins.
Copies of genes are called RNA. |
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Nucleolus
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A floating by nucleus, object is the nucleolus. The ribosomes are made there.
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Cytoplasm
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the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus,clear, thick, gel-like fluid. The fluid is constantly moving. Many cell organelles are found in the cytoplasm.Suspends the organelle and dissolves important chemicals needed for life.
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Mitochondria- more than one
Mitochondion- one of them |
The rod-shaped structures, loom ahead. These organelles are mitochondria. They are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.
Requires oxygen. |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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The endoplasmic reticulum's passageways carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.
Rough ER-> rER transports proteins from ribosomes to the Golgi body.Smooth ER-> sERL produes and transports fats throughout the cell. |
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ribosomes
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Ribosomes function as factories to produce proteins. Found on endoplasmic reticulum. Read RNA instructions, use them to make proteins.
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Golgi Body
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Can be thought of the cell's mailroom. The golgi bodies recieve proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell. They also release materials outside the cell. Recieves proteins from rER and sorts them, packages them and sends them to other parts of the cell:
-outside of the cell -membrane -lysosome |
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chloroplasts
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Only cells of plants and some other organisms have these green organelles called chloroplasts. They capture energy from sunlight anduse it to produce food for the cell. Chloroplasts make leaves green. Photosynthesis. Which is making food from sunlight energy, and CO2 . Oxygen is a waste product.
energy-chloroplast-food o2-mitochondria-energy |
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vacuoles
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It is floating in the cytoplasm. Vacuoles are the storage area of cells. Most plant cells have one large vacuole. Some animal cells don't have vacuoles; others do. They store food and other materials needed by the cell. They can also store waste products. Store food, waste, and water. Animal cells have many small ones, or none at all, plant cells have one large one.
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lysosomes
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Lysosomes are small, round structures containing chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell. Some chemicals break down large food particles into smaller ones. Lysosomes also break down old cell parts and release the substances so they can be used again. They are as the cell's clean up crew. Contain digestive enzymes which break down old worn out organelles, and big food parrticles.
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