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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is active transport useful? Give an example in plant and animal cells? |
Plant: Root hair cells can absorb minerals ions required for healthy growth from very low concentrations. Animal: The small intestine can absorb all the glucose digested by the body. |
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What is active transport? |
Active transport is the movement of molecules against the concentration gradient from low to high. This is done using protein carriers in the membrane and energy from respiration. |
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What is diffusion? |
The random net movement from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached. |
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Why does diffusion happen? |
Because particles have natural kinetic energy due to random motion. |
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What is the equation for net movement? |
net movement = particles moving in - particles moving out |
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Name three things the rate of diffusion is affected by. |
Difference in concentrations Temperature Available surface area |
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Name a general rule for how fast diffusion will be? |
The bigger the difference, the steeper the concentration gradient and the faster the rate of diffusion. |
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If there is a larger surface area of a cell membrane what does this mean it terms of diffusion? |
Diffusion takes place more quickly. |
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Name some dissolved substances and/or gases used in living organisms and how they move in and out of cells. |
Glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide and/or urea move in and out of cells by diffusion. |
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What is osmosis? |
Osmosis is the random |
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What is an isotonic cell? |
Where the concentration outside the cell is the same as inside the cell. |
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What is a hypertonic cell? |
Where the concentration outside the cell is higher than inside the cell. |
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What is a hypotonic cell? |
Where the concentration outside the cell is lower than inside the cell. |
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How is osmosis important in plant cells? |
To maintain turgor. |
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What are exchange surfaces like? |
Thin walls and large surface areas. |
