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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 5 ways multicellular organisms use cell to cell respiration |
1. reproduction 2. Growth and development 3. Distribution of resources 4. Movement 5. Defense |
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What are local signaling mechanisms |
Cell junctions, plasmadesmata, direct surface contact, secretion of chemicals (only to target cells) |
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How are long distance comunications acheived |
use of horomones |
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What are the 3 stages of signal recieving |
1. reception 2. transduction 3. response |
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What are the types of receptors? |
intracellular receptors, membrane receptors, and ion channel receptors |
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What uses intracellular receptors |
signals recieved through cell junctions, and steriod hormones |
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What is a G membrane coupled protein |
it is a binding protein which recieves message activates G protein which then activates G enzyme |
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What are 2 ways in which transduction can occur |
1. protein phosphorylation cascade 2. 2nd messengers |
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What are protein kinases |
enzymes that phosphorylate other proteins and amplifies signal (last 1 activates the response) |
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Where are the 2nd messengers? |
they spread the signal within the cell |
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What is the first messenger |
the ligand |
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What are the response mechanisms |
1. change in enzyme activity 2. Change in Gene expression 3. change in the cytoskeleton |
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cross track |
activation or inhibition by another STP allows for multiple signals simotaneously |
