Cell Theory /history Ch. 2-3

Front 1

Prokaryotes

Back 1

Cells without a true nucleus or membrane bound organelles.

Bacteria

Front 2

Eukaryotes

Back 2

Cells with a true nucleus and organelles.

Front 3

Light microscope

Back 3

Works by passing visible light through a specimen

Front 4

SEM

Back 4

Uses an electron beam to show surface of whole objects.
Gives a 3 dimensional impression.

Front 5

TEM

Back 5

Uses an electron beam to show the internal structure of the cell.
Specimen sliced up and placed in vacuum.

Front 6

Simple Microscope

Back 6

Microscope with one Lens.

Front 7

Compound microscope

Back 7

Microscope with two lenses.

Magnified image is remagnified.

Front 8

Electron microscope

Back 8

Type of microscope that uses electron beam guided by magnetic fields to magnify objects up to 1 000 000 times.

Front 9

Anton van Leewnhoek

Back 9

Dutch naturalist, given credit for being first to observe living cells.

Front 10

Robert Hooke

Back 10

English scientist, given credit for naming the "cell" from the "little boxes" he observed in cork whike using a microscope.
(1665)

Front 11

Matthias Schleiden

Back 11

German botanist that stated all plants are made of cells.
(1838)

Front 12

Theodor Schwann

Back 12

German zoologist that stated all anianls are made of cells.
(1839)

Front 13

Rudolf Virchow

Back 13

Determined that cells only come from other cells.
(1855)
His idea contrdicted the idea that life could arise from nonliving matter (spontaneous generation).

Front 14

Cell Theory
(Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow)

Back 14

A. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.
B. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism.
C. All cells come from cells that already exist.

Front 15

All cells have what three things in common?

Back 15

Cell membrane, cytoplasn, contain genetic material

Front 16

What is the function of the nuclear membrane?

Back 16

to seperate inside of nucleus from the rest of the cell and is selectivley permeable

Front 17

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back 17

read RNA and physically join amino acids to create proteins

Front 18

Where are ribosomes found?

Back 18

2 places: floating in cytoplasm and attatched to endoplasmic reticulum

Front 19

What are the two types of Endoplasmic reticulum?

Back 19

Rough and smooth

Front 20

What is the function of the smooth ER?

Back 20

To assemble and modify lipids

Front 21

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Back 21

prepares and packages proteins before being sent to their final destinations

Front 22

What do lysomes contain?

Back 22

contain enzymes which break down proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, etc

Front 23

What is the fuction of vacuoles?

Back 23

to store material like wter, salts, and protiens in cells

Front 24

What are vesicles?

Back 24

product of budding: small vacuoles, circular structures carrying cellular material

Front 25

What is the structure of vacuoles in plants?

Back 25

arge fluid-filled sacs that ake up almost the whole cell

Front 26

What is the fuction of mitochondria?

Back 26

to break down glucose into a form of material that can be used by the cell...ATP

Front 27

What is the process of converting glucose into ATP called?

Back 27

cellular rrespiration

Front 28

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Back 28

only in plant type cells, convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis

Front 29

What is chromatin?

Back 29

DNA stored in Eukaryotes; linear DNA.

Prokayotic DNA is circular

Front 30

What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Back 30

Prokaryotes have no nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and have different DNA

Front 31

Zacharias Jansen

Back 31

Dutch maker of reading glasses who made first crude compound microscope.
(1590)

Front 32

virus

Back 32

A noliving particle consisting of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coat.
HIV, polio, t4, tobacco-mozaic

Front 33

host cell

Back 33

The cell in which a virus reproduces.

Front 34

active virus

Back 34

Attach -> Invade-> Copy -> Release

flu, measals, rabies, smallpox

Front 35

latent virus

Back 35

Attach & Invade -> inserts itself into host DNA -> Leaves hosts DNA -> copy -> release.
Cold sore, cancer

Front 36

vaccine

Back 36

A solution of damaged virus particles injected in to hosts. Teaches immune system to recognize shape of virus or bacteria.
penicillin, streptomycin kill microorganism not viruses.

Front 37

Can a viruses be treated with antibiotics?

Back 37

No, viruses not alive.

Front 38

Edward Jenner

Back 38

English doctor who used cowpox virus to teach the body to fight smallpox.
(1796)

Front 39

common viral diseases

Back 39

AIDS, chicken pox, common cold, flu, measals, mumps, polio, rabies, smallpox
We have vaccines for most of these diseases.

Front 40

gene therapy

Back 40

substituting correctly coded hereditary material for a cell's incorrect hereditary material.

Front 41

sickel-cell anemia

Back 41

genetic disease that alters the shape of red bllod cells. May be fixed through gene therapy.

Front 42

HIV

Back 42

Virus that cause the disease AIDS

Front 43

Warring theory

Back 43

belief that the delay of the onset of AIDS may result from equally matched competition between the changing HIV virus and the body's defense system.

Front 44

Elboa virus

Back 44

a virus that jumps between species (monkeys and humans) and demonstrates new and rare viruse are a future threat.