Cell Test

Front 1

invented the microscope

Back 1

Anton von Leeuwenhoek

Front 2

named cells "cells'

Back 2

Robert Hooke

Front 3

said that plants and animals are made of cells

Back 3

Schleidan and Schwann

Front 4

all things are composed of cells

cells are the basic units of life

and cells come from cells

Back 4

three principles in cell theory

Front 5

all living organisms

Back 5

what type of organisms are included in cell theory

Front 6

no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, and are very small

Back 6

Prokaryotes

Front 7

complex, larger nucleus, and has membrane bound organelles

Back 7

Eukaryotic

Front 8

provides protection and holds the shape of the cell. It is made of cellulose and is only in plant cells

Back 8

cell wall

Front 9

plant cells

Back 9

what type of cells have a cell wall

Front 10

a flexible, phospholipid bilayer, embedded with proteins. forms a boundary between a cell and its outside environment, it regulates what goes in or out of the cell

Back 10

cell membrane

Front 11

regulates what goes in and out of the cell

Back 11

cell membranes job

Front 12

nonliving because they can't reproduce by themselves

Back 12

are viruses living or nonliving

Front 13

intracellular

Back 13

proteins located inside the cell

Front 14

extracellular

Back 14

proteins located outside the cell

Front 15

selective permeable membrane

Back 15

allows certain things to pass all membranes are semi permeable

Front 16

important because it regulates what goes in and out of the cell. makes sure things that are needed stay in the cell

Back 16

why is the cell membrane so important

Front 17

phospholipid bilayer

Back 17

cell membrane made up of _____________

Front 18

proteins and carbs

Back 18

membrane is embedded with _________

Front 19

endocytosis

Back 19

taking in substances

Front 20

exocytosis

Back 20

pushing out substances

Front 21

isolates the cytoplasm from the external environment, communicates with other cell, regulates the exchange of substances the proteins help move molecules in and out of cells

Back 21

function of cell membrane

Front 22

cholesterol

Back 22

stiffens the membrane by connecting phospholipids

Front 23

glycolipids

Back 23

signal molecules

Front 24

glycoproteins

Back 24

have an attached chain of antibody

Front 25

phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Back 25

two versions of endocytosis

Front 26

engulfs debris, bacteria, and other sizable objects

Back 26

phagocytosis

Front 27

engulfs extracellular fluids including molecules such as sugars and proteins

Back 27

pinocytosis

Front 28

fluid

Back 28

represents how certain parts of the membrane can move around freely as they choose

Front 29

mosaic

Back 29

represents the patchwork of proteins found in the phospholipid bilayer

Front 30

chloroplasts, central vacuole, and cell wall

Back 30

organelles only found in plant cell

Front 31

centrioles and lysosomes

Back 31

organelles only found in animal cell

Front 32

concentration gradient

Back 32

forms whenever there is a difference in concentration between one place and another.

Front 33

diffusion

Back 33

moves oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules from a high to low concentration across membranes

Front 34

osmosis

Back 34

the diffusion of water across the membrane

Front 35

hypotonic

Back 35

there is a lower concentration of solute molecules outside the cell than inside

Front 36

hypertonic

Back 36

there is a greater concentration of solute molecules outside the cell than inside

Front 37

isotonic

Back 37

there is the same concentration of solute molecules outside the cell as inside

Front 38

hypotonic

Back 38

the swelling and bursting of animal cells when water enters happens when a cell is placed in a ___________ solution

Front 39

hypertonic

Back 39

the shrinking of plant cells when water leaves so the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall or shrinking of animal cells happens when a plant cell is placed into a ___________ solution.

Front 40

turgor (osmotic) pressure

Back 40

pressure excerted as osmosis occurs in a plant cell

Front 41

cytolysis

Back 41

when a cell pops

Front 42

plasmolysis

Back 42

when a cell shrinks

Front 43

passive transport

Back 43

no energy needed, molecules move from high to low trying to reach equilibrium

Front 44

active transport

Back 44

energy is needed, molecules move from low to high fighting against equilibrium

Front 45

equilibrium

Back 45

when the concentration of solute inside and outside a cell is the same, the cell has reached _______.

Front 46

hypertonic

Back 46

the ocean is ______ tonic

Front 47

facilitated diffusion

Back 47

the passage of molecules from a high to low concentration through a protein channel molecules are to big to go through the cell membrane

Front 48

protein pump

Back 48

used in transportation and helps push proteins out

Front 49

bacilli

Back 49

rod like

Front 50

cocci

Back 50

circular

Front 51

spirilla

Back 51

spiral

Front 52

archaebacteria

Back 52

( primitive) can live in extreme conditions, its cell wall lacks peptidoglycan. DNA more like those of eukaryotes

Front 53

eubacteria

Back 53

includes wide ranges of organisms with different lifestyles. Cell wall made of peptidoglycan.

Front 54

gram staining

Back 54

used to tell bacteria apart, if it turns purple it positive, and has peptioglycon. it its negative it turns red

Front 55

photoautotroph

Back 55

photosynthesis

Front 56

chemoautotroph

Back 56

chemosysnthesis

Front 57

heterotroph

Back 57

eats other things

Front 58

photoheterotroph

Back 58

does photosynthesis and eats other things Ex venus fly trap

Front 59

obligate aerobes

Back 59

must live in oxygen

Front 60

obligate anaerobe

Back 60

must live without oxygen

Front 61

facultative anaerobes

Back 61

dont need oxygen, but isn't poisoned by it

Front 62

asexual reproduction

Back 62

the cell increases in size, and a double wall develops, soon a new cell breaks off with the same DNA

Front 63

sexual reproduction

Back 63

the cell hooks up with someone, and they combine DNA

Front 64

Nitrogen fixation

Back 64

converts atmospheric pressure into useable forms

Front 65

decomposers

Back 65

break down things

Front 66

food products

Back 66

bacteria is in yogurt, buttermilk, and cheese

Front 67

kill bacteria by

Back 67

heating and cooling

Front 68

genetic material of a virus

Back 68

DNA that is inserted into the host cell

Front 69

capsid

Back 69

protein coat used to enter the host cell

Front 70

pathogenic

Back 70

yes hurt their host cell

Front 71

lytic

Back 71

immediate, virus enters a cell and makes copies of itself, and causes the cell to burst

Front 72

lysogentic

Back 72

delayed, virus embeds its DNA into the host cells DNA and is replicated along with the host's DNA

Front 73

STREPTO

Back 73

CHAIN

Front 74

STAPHLO

Back 74

CLUSTERS