Bio Chapter 1 And 2

Front 1

mitochondrion

Back 1

cellular respiration, glucose + oxygen > co2 + h2o + atp

Front 2

lysosome

Back 2

intracellular digestion

Front 3

vacuole and vesicle

Back 3

storage and transport of substances

Front 4

golgi apparatus

Back 4

processing/ distribution of proteins and lipids

Front 5

peroxisome

Back 5

various metabolic tasks

Front 6

ribosome

Back 6

helps in protein synthesis in the cell

Front 7

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Back 7

lipid synthesis in some cells. can also store lipids and create steroids

Front 8

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Back 8

helps in protein synthesis in the cell

Front 9

nuclear envelope

Back 9

double layered membrane that seperates the nucleolus from the cytoplasm

Front 10

chromatin

Back 10

dna and protein that form chromosomes

Front 11

nuclear pore

Back 11

lets molecules and ions in and out of the nucleus

Front 12

nucleolus

Back 12

produces nucleotides

Front 13

polyribosomes

Back 13

ribosomes connected to messenger rna that synthesizes protein

Front 14

centriole

Back 14

helps in cell division

Front 15

microtubule

Back 15

helps support and shape the cell

Front 16

cytoplasm

Back 16

fluid that fills the cell and gives it shape

Front 17

plasma membrane

Back 17

defines cell boundaries and lets molecules in and out of cell

Front 18

chromosome

Back 18

protein and genetic materials/ dna

Front 19

nucleus

Back 19

helps control movement, digestion, and reproduction of cell

Front 20

what percent of total body weight is water?

Back 20

60-70%

Front 21

what type of molecule is water and why?

Back 21

it's a polar molecule because oxygen has a negative charge and hydrogen has a positive charge

Front 22

what are hydrogen bonds?

Back 22

it's a bond that connects a positive hydrogen to a negative atom

Front 23

ions and molecules that interact with water are said to be?

Back 23

hydrophilic

Front 24

nonionized and nonpolar molecules that do not interact with water are said to be?

Back 24

hydrophobic

Front 25

what percent of blood is water?

Back 25

92%

Front 26

how does water protect us from rapid temperature changes?

Back 26

it takes a calorie of heat energy to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1°C which is double the amount required for other liquids and it holds onto heat so its temperature falls slowly

Front 27

how does water keep you cool?

Back 27

when you sweat the water takes away body heat by using it to evaporate itself

Front 28

NaCl + H2O = solution

which one is the solute and which one is the solvent?

Back 28

NaCl is the solute and H2O is the solvent

Front 29

what do organic molecules always contain

Back 29

carbon and hydrogen

Front 30

Back 30

Front 31

list 4 polymers and 4 monomers

Back 31

polymer: carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid, lipids

monomer: monosacccharide, amino acid, nucleotide, fatty acid

Front 32

list 3 monosaccharides and 3 disaccharides

Back 32

monosaccharide: glucose, fructose, galactose

disaccharide: maltose, sucrose, lactose

Front 33

list 3 polysaccharides

Back 33

starch, glycogen, cellulose

Front 34

Back 34

Front 35

what is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated molecule

Back 35

a unsaturated has a double bond between 2 carbon atoms

Front 36

Back 36

Front 37

what are the two types of nucleic acids

Back 37

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Front 38

Back 38

Front 39

Back 39

Front 40

what is the empirical formula of a carbohydrate

Back 40

CnH2nOn

Front 41

what is the function of phospholipids

Back 41

they form the phosolipid bilayer of the plasma membrane and make it selectively permeable to solutes such as proteins, ions and water

Front 42

what is the function of steroids

Back 42

it can act as a hormone,regulate carbohydrate metabolism, and maintain blood pressure

Front 43

what type of bond does hydrogen and oxygen have in H2O

Back 43

they have a covalent bond

Front 44

name the parts of the amino acid

Back 44

Front 45

name the parts of the fatty acid

Back 45

Front 46

name the parts of the glucose molecule

Back 46

Front 47

name the part of the glycerol molecule

Back 47

Front 48

what are buffers and how do they work

Back 48

a buffer is a chemical or a combination of chemicals that keeps pH within normal limits. buffers resist pH changes because they can take up excess hydrogenions (H) or hydroxide ions (OH).

Front 49

give an example of a buffer

Back 49

our blood contains large amounts of carbonic acid, a weak acid, and bicarbonate, a base. together they help maintain the bloods pH at 7.4. if blood pH falls below 6.8 or rises above 7.8, one can become sick or die. the bicarbonate neutralizes excess acids in the blood while the carbonic acid neutralizes excess bases.

Front 50

what is the macromolecule when a bunch of the same monomers join together

Back 50

polymer

Front 51

what is the function of carbohydrates

Back 51

they provide energy for your body

Front 52

what is the function of lipids

Back 52

they store energy

Front 53

what is the function of proteins

Back 53

-keratin which makes up hair and nails
-collagen, which lends support to ligaments, tendons, and skin
-act as hormomes
-proteinsactin and myosin account for the movement of cells and the ability of our muscles to contract
-hemoglobin transports oxygen
-antibodies in blood and other body fluids are proteins that combine with foreign substances, preventing them from destroying cells and upsetting homeostasis
-form channels that allow substances to enter and exit
-carriers that transport mole-cules into and out of the cell
-enzymes

Front 54

what is the function of nucleic acids

Back 54

carry genetic information in the cell