Cell Surface Specialization

Front 1

apical domain

Back 1

region of PM that borders luminal space

Front 2

Basolateral domain

Back 2

region of PM in contact with extracellular matrix

Front 3

microvilli

Back 3

nonmotile rigid bundle of microfilaments bound by villin with + end at the tip

Front 4

terminal web

Back 4

dense network of actin filaments, spectrin and cytokeratin (IF)

Front 5

striated border microvilli

Back 5

shortest microvilli uniform in length and found on intestinal epithelium

Front 6

brush border

Back 6

microvilli that are longer and less uniform and found in proximal tubules of nephrons

Front 7

stereocilia

Back 7

long, nonmotile microvilli found in epididymal epithelium and hair cells in the inner ear

Front 8

intercellular secretory canaliculi

Back 8

increase surface area between cells for exocytosis in glands and terminate blindly above basal lamina

Front 9

basal infoldings

Back 9

invaginations of basal PM to increase basal contact SA with ECM; form labrynth that creates basal striations with mitochondria between

Front 10

What confine transport proteins to their appropriate domains by acting as a diffusion barrier?

Back 10

tight junctions (zonula occludens)

Front 11

zonula occludens (tight junction)

Back 11

junction between cells composed of strands of long rows of specific transmembrane proteins in each cells PMs which join directly to occlude intercellular space

Front 12

claudin

Back 12

protein in tight junctions that form linear fibrils to creat diffusion barriers for solutes, ions and water

Front 13

occludin

Back 13

transmembrane protein that interacts with 4 major intracellular peripheral proteins

Front 14

fascia occludens

Back 14

junction found between capillary endothelial cells

Front 15

zonula adherens

Back 15

encircles each cell near apex just below tight junction. Calcium dependent

Hint 15

None

Front 16

e-cadherin

Back 16

transmembrane linker protein that mediates zonula adherens between epithelial cells

Front 17

desmosomes

Back 17

anchoring sites for IF to form a continuous structure throughout the tissue

Front 18

basal lamina

Back 18

specialized mat of ECM @ the interface between epithelium and connective tissue

Front 19

α6β4

Back 19

integrin found in hemidesmosomes and is the only integrin to connect intermediate filament

Front 20

Junctional complex

Back 20

tight junction + zonula adherens + desmosome

Front 21

connexons

Back 21

transmembrane proteins that align to form a hydrophilic channel between two cells in gap junctions

Front 22

paracrine communication

Back 22

uses local chemical mediators which are rapidly taken up and destroyed or immobilized and can only act on immediate environment

Front 23

endocrine communication

Back 23

specialized cells secrete hormones (steroids and water soluble hormones) that travel through vasculature to influence cells over greater distances.

Hint 23

None

Front 24

synaptic signalling

Back 24

cells secrete neurotransmitters at specialized junctions (synapses)

Front 25

Cells organized into tissues and organs have more or less highly ordered domains in the PM than single cells?

Back 25

more

Front 26

functions of apical domain

Back 26

regulates nutrients and water, protection and regulated secretion

Front 27

Which domain contains hydrolases and Na+

Back 27

apical domain

Front 28

Functions of basolateral domain

Back 28

signal reception and transduction, generation of ion gradients and constituitive secretion

Front 29

Where is villin found

Back 29

microvilli

Front 30

What provides rigidity and stability to the cortex near PM

Back 30

spectrin

Front 31

functions of microplicae

Back 31

found on the free surface of cells to 1) increase the surface area 2) hold and spread mucus and other secretions 3) maintain moisture on free surface of cells 4) and transport antigens (M cells)

Front 32

What are the 3 functional groups of cell junctions

Back 32

occluding, anchoring, and communicating

Front 33

what are the 3 structural groups of cell junctions?

Back 33

zonula, fascia, macula

Front 34

what are the four intracellular peripheral proteins that interact with occludin in tight junctions?

Back 34

ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, AF-6; these anchor strands to Actin

Front 35

how does the cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin interact with actin

Back 35

three intracellular attachment proteins called α, β, γ catenins

Front 36

what junction is part of the intercalated disc in cardiac muscle

Back 36

fascia adherins

Front 37

what is another name for macula adherens

Back 37

desmosomes

Front 38

in what cells are desmosomes made of keratin or tonofilaments found?

Back 38

epithelial

Front 39

in what cells are desmosomes made of desmin filaments found?

Back 39

cardiac muscle cells

Front 40

Where is a dense plaque of desmoplakins and plakoglobins found?

Back 40

on the INTRACELLULAR side of the membrane of desmosomes

Front 41

What transmembrane linker proteins do hemidesmosomes use?

Back 41

integrin (α6β4 )

Front 42

gap junctions are characterized by what?

Back 42

close apposition of adjacent plasma membranes

Front 43

how can cells be chemically and electrically coupled and coordinate activities and responses?

Back 43

gap junctions

Front 44

What are the 4 types of indirect communication?

Back 44

autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and synaptic signalling