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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plasma Membrane
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-Phospholipid bilayer with proteins & carbs (sugars)
-Forms the outer boundary of the cell *Protection *Controls movement in to & out of cell *Cell-to-Cell Communication |
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Microvilla
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-Folds of the plasma membrane forming tiny extensions of cytoplasm
*Increases surface area of cell for increased absorption or secretion |
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Nucleus
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Large, spherical body that is composed of nucleoli & chromatin
-Enclosed by a nuclear envelope with pores *Control center *DNA within the genes directs cellular activities & cellular structure |
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Nucleolus
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-Small spherical body in the nucleus
*Synthesizes rRNA *Assembles rRNA with protein to produce ribosomes |
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Chromatin
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-Long,thin strands of DNA & proteins dispersed in nucleus
-Condensed to form chromosomes during cell division *Carries hereditary info in genes & condenses to form chromosomes during cell division |
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Cytoplasm
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-Region of the cell that includes cytosol & organelles
*Area where many components are involved in metabolism |
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Cytosol
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-Fluid portion of cytoplasm that surrounds the organelles
*Allows diffusion of substances throughout the cell |
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Organelles
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-Organized "little organs" within the cytoplasm
*Each organelle has specific cell functions |
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Mitochondria
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-Oval, double-membrane-bound organelle
*Site of aerobic cellular respiration for ATP production |
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Ribosomes
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-Tiny bodies composed of rRNA & protein
-Found in cytosol or attached to for RER *Site of protein synthesis |
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
(RER) |
-Flattened, membrane-bound channels with ribosomes attached
-Extending from nuclear envelope throughout cytoplasm *Processes & transports proteins made at attached ribosomes *Synthesizes phospholipids |
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
(SER) |
-Extends from RER as a membrane-bound, tubular network without ribosomes
*Lipid & steroid synthesis *Detoxifies toxic substances (drugs) |
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Golgi Complex
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-Curved flattened membranous sacs with bulging edges & small vesicles nearby
*Receives & modifies proteins from RER *Sorts & transports them |
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Secretory Vesicles
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-Small membrane-bound vesicles
*Secretes substances outside the shell by exocytosis |
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Lysosomes
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-Membrane-bound vesicles formed from Golgi complex
-Contain digestive & hydrolytic enzymes *Enzymes digest & recycle worn out organelles & substances entering the cell *Can digest the cell |
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Peroxisomes
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-Small, membrane-bound vesicles containing enzymes
*Produces hydrogen peroxide Detoxifies harmful substances |
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Cytoskeleton
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-Protein filaments throughout the cell
*Structural framework for the cell |
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Microfilaments
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-Thinnest filaments made of actin
*Support & generate cellular movement |
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Microtubules
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-Long, hollow tubes of tubulin
*Cell shape *Movement of organelles |
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Intermediate filaments
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-Intermediate diameter filaments
*Hold organelles in position *Support |
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Centrosome (Centrioles)
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-2 perpendicular, cylindrical centrioles & material around the centrioles
*Forms mitotic spindle fibers & microtubules for cilia & flagella |
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Cilia
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-Short, abundant, hair-like projections formed of microtubules
Move fluid & particles along cell surface by beating together |
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Flagella
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-Long cell projections & microtubules
*Whip-like motion moves sperm |
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Cell structures not found in most human cells
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Microvilla, Cilia, & Flagella
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Skeletal muscle cells
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-Long. cylindrical cells which contract (shorten in length) to move bones
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Pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells
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-Have cilia which move substances like mucus across surface of cells
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Motor neurons
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-Nervous tissue cells with many processes (cell extensions) that receive info from other neurons & send electrical signals to muscle cells causing them to contract
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Sperm cells
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-Small, oval cells with a flagellum which propels them through the female reproductive tract
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Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
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-Do not have a nucleus (anucleate)
-But contain large amounts of hemoglobin, a red pigment that binds oxygen |
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White Blood Cells (WBCs)
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-Have nuclei with different shapes& defend the body from pathogens & cancerous cells
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