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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Axon
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The long process of a nerve cell that transmits the impulse to another part of the brain or body.
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Axon terminal
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The end of the axon where fine branches end in synaptic knobs or buttons.
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Cell body
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The part of the neuron containing the nucleus and organelles such as the mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
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Centriole
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An organelle that plays a key role in cell division by controlling the movement of the chromosomes.
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Chromatin
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The dispensed material of the chromosomes between cell divisions.
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Cilium
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A hairlike process seen on some cells which produces movement of surrounding material.
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Dendrite
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The branching process of a nerve cell that collects synaptic input from other nerve cells and processes the information to modify the firing rate and pattern of the neuron.
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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A dispersed tubular organelle of the cell, which produces protein, lipid, and steroids, and metabolizes carbohydrates
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Free ribosomes
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A small freely mobile organelle, made of RNA and protein, that uses the information on messenger RNA to produce protein
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Golgi apparatus
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An organelle of stacked membrane-bound structures that packages protein and lipid for transport and secretion
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Lysosome
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An organelle that contains enzymes capable of breaking down waste material, viruses and bacteria, and cellular debris.
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Microvilli
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Microscopic fingerlike projections from the cell membrane that increase the surface area of the cell for the purposes of absorption and secretion.
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Mitochondrion
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A membrane-enclosed organelle that produces the energy for the cell in the form of ATP (adenosinetriphosphate.)
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Myelin sheath
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A fatty sheath that surrounds the axon and enhances the conduction speed of nerve impulses.
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Nuclear membrane
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The membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell. It is perforated by nuclear pores.
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Nuclear pores
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Holes in the nuclear membrane that regulate the movement of protein and RNA between the nucleus and cytoplasm
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Nucleolus
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The region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is transcribed and assembled.
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Nucleus
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The region within the cell where the genetic material, DNA, resides. The nucleus also includes the nucleolus.
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Peroxisome
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An organelle made of RNA and protein, which uses the information on messenger RNA to produce protein. It may be free or bound to endoplasmic reticulum
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Synaptic knob (button)
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The very end of an axon terminal, where neurotransmitter chemicals are released into synaptic clefts to influence other nerve cells.
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