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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cell Theory |
Theory that all organisms consists of one or more cells, which are the basic unit of life; all cells come from division of pre-existing cells; and all cells pass hereditary material to offspring. |
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Cytoplasm |
Semifluid substance enclosed by a cell's plasma membrane. |
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Nulceus |
Organelle with two membranes that holds a eurkaryotic cell's DNA. |
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Organelle |
Structure that carries out a specialized metabolic function inside a cell. |
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Plasma membrane |
A cell's outermost membrane. |
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Biofilm |
Community of microorganisms living within a shared mass of slime. |
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Cell Wall |
Semirigid but permeable structure that surrounds the plasma membrane of some cells. |
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Flagellum |
Long, slender cellular structure used for motility. |
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Nucleoid |
Region of cytoplasm where the DNA is concentrated inside a bacterium or archaeon. |
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Pilus |
Protein filament that projects from the surface of some bacteria and archaea. |
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Plasmid |
Small circle Of DNA in some bacteria and archaea. |
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Ribosome |
Organelle of protein synthesis. |
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Chromatin |
Collective term for DNA molecules together with their associated proteins. |
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Chromosome |
A structure that consists of DNA and associated proteins; carries part or all of a cell's genetic information. |
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Nuclear envelope |
A double membrane that constitutes the outer boundary of the nucleus. Pores in the membrane control which substances can cross. |
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Nucleolus |
In a cell nucleus, a dense, irregularly shaped region where ribosomal subunits are assembled. |
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Nucleoplasm |
Viscous fluid enclosed by the nuclear envelope. |
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Central Vacuole |
Fluid-filled vesicle in many plant cells. |
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Endomembrane System |
Series of interacting organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, vesicles) between nucleus and plasma membrane; products lipids, proteins. |
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Smooth ER |
Makes lipids, breaks down carbohydrates and fats, inactives toxins. |
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Rough ER |
Modifies proteins made by ribosomes attached to it. |
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Golgi Body |
Organelle that modifies polypeptides and lipids; also sorts and packages the finished products into vesicles. |
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Lysosome |
Enzyme-filled vesicle that functions in intracellular digestion. |
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Peroxisome |
Enzyme-filled vesicle that breaks down amino acids, fatty acids, and toxic substances |
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Vacuole |
A fluid-filled organelle that isolates or disposes of waste, debris, or toxic materials. |
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Vesicle |
Small, membrane-enclosed, saclike organelle; different kinds store, transport, or degrade their contents. |
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Chloroplast |
Organelle of photosynthesis in the cells of plants and many protists. |
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Mitochondrion |
Organelle that produces ATP by aerobic respiration in eukaryotes. |
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Plastid |
Category of double-membraned organelle in plants and algal cells. Different types specialize in storage or photosynthesis; e.g., chloroplast, amyloplast. |
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Basal Body |
Organelle that develops from a centriole. |
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Cell cortex |
Reinforcing mesh of cytoskeletal elements under a plasma membrane. |
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Centriole |
Barrel-shaped organelle from which microtubules grow. |
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Cilium |
Short, movable structure that projects from the plasma membrane of some eukaryotic cells. |
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Cytoskeleton |
Dynamic framework of protein filaments that support, organize, and move eukaryotic cells and their internal structures. |
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Intermediate filament |
Stable cytoskeletal element that structurally supports cells and tissue. |
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Microfilament |
Reinforcing cytoskeletal element; a finer of actin subunits. |
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Microtubule |
Cytoskeletal element involved in cellular movement; hollow filament to tubulin subunits. |
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Motor protein |
Type of energy-using protein that interacts with cytoskeletal elements to move cell's parts or the whole cell. |
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Pseudopod |
A temporary protrusion that helps some eukaryotic cells move and engulf prey. |
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Adhering Junction |
Cell junction composed of adhesion proteins; anchors cells to each other and extracellular matrix. |
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Cell Junction |
Structure that connects a cell to another cell or to extracellular matrix. |
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Cuticle |
Secreted covering at a body surface. |
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Extracellular matrix (ECM) |
Complex mixture of cell secretions; supports cells and tissues; has roles in cell signaling. |
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Gap Junction |
Cell junction that forms a channel across the plasma membranes of adjoining animal cells. |
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Lignin |
Material that stiffens cell walls of vascular plants. |
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Plasmodesmata |
Cell junction that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells. |
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Primary Wall |
The first cell wall of young plant cells. |
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Secondary Wall |
Lignin-reinfored wall that forms inside the primary wall of a plant cell. |
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Tight Junction |
Arrays of fibrous proteins; join epithelial cells and collectively prevent fluids from leaking between them. |