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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cells
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The basic units of structure and function in living things.
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Microscope
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An instrument that makes small objects look larger.
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Cell Theory
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Widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things.
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Organelles
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Tiny structures that carry out specific functions within the cell.
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Cell Wall
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The rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
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Cell membrane
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Cell structure that controls what enters or leaves the cell.
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Nucleus
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The cell's control center, directs all of the cell's activities.
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Mitochondria
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Rod-shaped structurs that convert energy in food into energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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An organelle that is a passageway that carries proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.
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Ribosomes
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Grain-like bodies that attach to some surfaces of ER and float in the cytoplsm that make proteins.
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Golgi bodies
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Receive proteins and other materials from the ER and packages and distributes them to other parts of the cell.
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Chloroplasts
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Organells that capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell.
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Lysosomes
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Small, round structurs containing chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell.
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Elements
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Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
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Compounds
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Two or more elements chemically combined.
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Carbohydrate
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An energy-rich organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Ex. Bread, starch, rice |
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Lipids
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An energy-rich organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Ex. Fats, oils, waxes |
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Proteins
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Large organic moleculs made of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfer.
Ex. meat, eggs, fish, nuts |
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Amino Acid
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Small molecules that combine to make up the many different kinds of proteins.
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Enzyme
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A type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living things.
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Nucleic acids
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A very long organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all life funtions
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DNA
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A kind of nucleic acid that is the genetic materialthat carries information about an organism.
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RNA
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A kind of nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins.
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Selectively Permeable
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Means that some substances can pass through the membrane while others cannot.
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Diffusion
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The process by which molecules move from and area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
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Osmosis
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The diffusion of water.
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Passive transport
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The movement of dissolved materials through a cell membrane withougt using cellular energy.
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Active Transport
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The movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy.
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