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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the term for bacterial cell division?
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Binary Fission
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What happens when a bacterial cell divides?
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Binary Fission - means of asexual reproduction in which apparent organism often a single cell divides into 2 , about equal size/ genetically identical
attaches at a point, duplicates, splits This process is fast and simple |
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what molecules make up a Eukaryote chromosome?
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DNA = 40%
Protein = 60% |
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What is the term for bacterial cell division?
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binary fission
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What happens when a bacterial cell divides?
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Binary Fission a means of asexual reproduction in which a parent organism single cell divides into 2 genetically identitical
process is fast and simple |
attaches at a point
deplicates splits |
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what molecules make up a Eukaryote chromosome?
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40% DNA
60% protien |
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What is a centromere, sister chromatid, and telomere?
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centromere where sister chromatids meet
sister chromatid - one of the 2 identical parts of the duplicate chrosome in a eukaryotic cell. Telomere- 4 one at each end, repetitive DNA |
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How can two meters of DNA fit into a single cell?
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they are wrapped around 2x each eukaryotic chromosome
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How many DNA molecules are in a chromosome just before mitosis?
How many DNA molecules are in a chromosomes just after mitosis? |
Interphase:
G1Phase- the cell expands SPhase- DNA Replication G2Phase- Mitochondria (other stuff that the cell needs) Mitosis: Prophase: see the chromosomes and spindle fibers form Metaphase: line up in the middle but not in any specific order Anaphase: 2 fibers attach and are pulled apart (considered 8 chromosomes) Telophase: spindle dissolves, nuclear envelope forms Cytokinesis: becomes 2 cells |
haploid=n=23
diploid=2n=46 |
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What type of cell division do organisms use to grow and heal?
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Mitosis
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what happens during interphase ?
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The period in the eukaryotic cell cycle when the cell isn't actually dividing.
G1Phase- the cell expands SPhase- DNA Replication/ 2 sister chromatids G2Phase- preparing for cell division, other organelles are getting copied (other stuff that the cell needs) |
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What are the major steps of mitosis and what happens in each?
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1. Prophase - chromosome condense and become visible ( shorten and thicken by coiling_
Mitotic spindle forms Nuclear envelope dissolves 2. Metaphase Chromosome line up at metaphase plate 2 fibers attach to each centromere |
Anaphase
Centromere pulls apart sister chromatids separate |
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What is the end results of mitosis and cytokinesis?
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mitosis: two identical nuclei
cytokinesis: 2 genetically identical cells |
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What type of cell division is required for sexual reproduction?
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Meiosis
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How is meiosis different from mitosis?
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Meiosis=n=23
Mitosis=2n=46 |
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what are the major steps in meiosis and what happens in each?
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1. Prophase
Chromosomes condense and become visible ( shorten and thicken by coiling) Spindle forms Telophase- *Haploid sets of chromosomes gather at poles *nuclear envelope does NOT reform *nuclear envelope dissolves *Homologous chromosomes pair up =synapsis *Homologous chromosomes cross over and exchange DNA |
Metaphase
*Homologous chromosomes pairs line up in mid cell one spindle fiber attaches to each centromere Anaphase *Members of each homologous chromosomes pair separate from each other ( sister chromatids not pulled apart) |
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What is a diploid cell and how is it different from haploid cell?
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2N = Diploid = 46
N= Haploid = 23 |
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what does crossing over do?
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an exchange of corresponding segments between two homologous chromosomes.
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also it mixes up chromosomes
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What organisms must use meiosis?
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animals
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what is the alternative to sexual reproduction?
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asexual
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what is the advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
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Results in lots unique gene combinations
each offspring usually genetically unique genetic variation favored in changing enviroments |
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Where on the chromosome dospindle fibers attach?
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Centromere
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