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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Element |
Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. |
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compound |
Two or more elements that are chemically combined. |
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carbohydrate |
Energy-rich organic compound, such as a sugar or a starch, that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
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lipid |
Energy-rich organic compound, such as a fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
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protein |
Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. |
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amino acid |
A small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins. |
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enzyme |
A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing. |
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nucleic acid |
nery large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life. |
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DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
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RNA |
Ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins. |
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selectively permeable |
A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot. |
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diffusion |
The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
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osmosis |
The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. |
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passive transport |
The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy. |
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active transport |
The movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy. |
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photosynthesis |
The process by which plants and some other organisms capture the energy in sunlight and use it to make food. |
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autotroph |
An organism that makes its own food. |
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heterotroph |
An organism that cannot make its own food. |
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pigment |
A colored chemical compound that absorbs light |
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chlorophyll |
A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria. |
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stomata |
Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move. |
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respiration |
The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain. |
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fermentation |
The process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen. |
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cell cycle |
The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo. |
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interphase |
The stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs. |
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mitosis |
The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell. |
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chromosome |
A doubled rod of condensed chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic information. |
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cytokinesis |
The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell‘s cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells. |
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