Cell Physiology Study Cards

Front 1

What is the difference between excretion and secretion?

Back 1

Excretion is the elimination of waste substances by cells produced during the metabolism

Secretion is the release of useful substances by the cells.

Front 2

Which body compartment contains the greatest amount of water?

Back 2

Intracellular compartment

Front 3

Name the type of RNA that is the "reader" of the code in the RNA chain.

Back 3

rRNA

Front 4

What type of channels are located on plasma membranes on a synapse?

Back 4

chemically regulated channels

Front 5

Names the inorganic substance that is found in hemoglobin.

Back 5

Iron (Fe)

Front 6

Which cells contain voltage regulated channels in their plasma membrane?

Back 6

Nerve Cells (neurons)

Front 7

What will happen to a cell that is dropped in hypotonic fluid?

Back 7

Cell will draw water and swell.

Front 8

What is the difference between passive and active channels in the plasma membrane?

Back 8

Passive Channels are free channels, that remain open all time and allow movements of ions.

Active Channels are gated channels. These channels allow movements of ions only if certain conditions are met. These are of two types: Voltage regulated and Chemically regulated channels.

Front 9

What will happen to a cell that is dropped in hypertonic fluid?

Back 9

Cell would lose water and would shrink.

Front 10

What is irritability?

Back 10

It is the property of the cytoplasm that enables a cell to respond to any stimulus.

Front 11

Give a few examples of the carbohydrates found in the cells.

Back 11

Glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose

Front 12

Name the basic structural unit of a protein.

Back 12

amino acids

Front 13

What is the difference between atrophy and aplasia?

Back 13

Atrophy is the decrease in the size of an organ than normal size.

Aplasia - if any organ fails to develop completely

Front 14

Name the type of RNA, that carries the coded information from the nucleus to the ribosome.

Back 14

mRNA

Front 15

What is diffusion?

Back 15

the movement of dissolved particles across the membrane from an area higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Front 16

What is a conjugative protein?

Back 16

Conjugated proteins are the simple proteins combined with a non-protein part like glycoprotein, lipoprotein.

Front 17

What is the function of the lysosome?

Back 17

Digestion of ingested material in cell.

Front 18

What is the difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia.

Back 18

Hypertrophy is abnormal increase in size of a cell due to increase in its cytoplasm.

Hyperplasia is abnormal increase in size of an organ due to an increase in the number of cells.

Front 19

What is the difference between structural protein and reactive proteins?

Back 19

Structural proteins help in building body structures like collagen, elastin, and keratin.

Reactive proteins are needed for various biochemical reactions in body, e.d. enzyme, protein hormones, hemoglobin, myoglobin.

Front 20

What is metabolism?

Back 20

It is the sum total of all biochemical reactions taking place in all the cells of body.

Front 21

Lipids are soluble in what solvents?

Back 21

Ether, Xylene, Chloroform

Front 22

Which ions are found in the greatest amount inside the cells?

Back 22

Potasium (K) and Phosphates ions

Front 23

Which ions are found in the greatest amount outside the cells?

Back 23

Sodium (Na) and Chloride (Cl) ions

Front 24

What is the difference between Passive and Active Transportation?

Back 24

During passive transportation, the particles move across the plasma membrane without utilizing the cell energy. They move from higher to lower concentration.

Active transportation is the movement of molecules through a membrane against their concentration gradient. The molecules use cell energy to cross the membrane, to move from lower to higher concentration.

Front 25

What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?

Back 25

Anabolism is the building up process...means making complex substances from simple units.

Catabolism is the process by which substances are broken down into simple units to release energy.

Front 26

Name the type of RNA that carries a specific amino acid to the proper place to build an amino acid chain.

Back 26

tRNA

Front 27

Give a few examples of fluids that are isotonic and routinely used for fluid therapy in clinical practice

Back 27

Normal saline (0.9% NaCL)

Lactate Ringer Solution (LRS)

Nomrmasol-R

Front 28

What is the main function of mitochondria?

Back 28

help in energy production. Internal respiration of cell.

Front 29

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back 29

help in protein synthesis

Front 30

Where do you find the interstitial fluid in body? Give examples.

Back 30

Fluid in body cavities or between the cells is intersitital fluid.

Examples are synovial fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, etc.

Front 31

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Back 31

Mitosis is the division of a cell leading to production of two daughter cells and each daughter cell receives the same number chromosomes as of mother cell. The daughter cells are called diploid cells.

Meiosis division: Four daughter cells are produced, each having half the chromosomal number than that of mother. These are haploid cells.

Front 32

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Back 32

Saturated fatty acids contain double number of hydrogen atoms than carbon atoms and all atoms are connected by single bond.

Unsaturated fatty acids contain less than double hydrogen atoms than carbon atoms and one or more carbon atoms are connected by double bond.

Front 33

What is the difference between crystalloids and colloids?

Back 33

Crystalloids can dissolve in water. e.g. salt in water. A crystalloid fluid can easily diffuse between the different body compartments. Example: normal saline, lactate ringer, normasol R are examples of cyrstalloids.

Colloids do not dissolve in water but can be suspended. Colloid solutions can be suspended. Colloid solutions contain large molecules, so these can not move from one body compartment to another. e.g. plasma, dextran, hetastarch

Front 34

What is osmosis?

Back 34

the movement of water across a membrane, from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Front 35

Name the three body fluid (water) compartments.

Back 35

intracellular compartment

intravascular compratment

intersitital compartment

Front 36

What is the difference between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic fluid?

Back 36

Isotonic solutions have the same osmolality (number of particles) as of blood or body fluids.

Hypotonic solutions have lower osmolality than blood.

Hypertonic solutions have greater osmolality than blood.