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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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White blood cells (WBC)
what are the 6 type of leukocytes? |
neutrophils
eosinophils basophils monocytes lymphocytes plasma cells |
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WBCs are formed in?
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bone marrow (granulocytes and monocytes)
lymph tissue(lymphocytes and plasma cells) |
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Fxn of WBCs
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immune response against infection, inflammation
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Life span of WBC
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varies from hours to a year. (can live longer in tissue than blood)
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neutrophils and monocytes move via?
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diapedesis- cells squeeze, through smaller pores in blood capillaries
-Ameboid motion- movement of entire cell by extending a pseudopodium that attaches to surrounding and pulls cell along Chemotaxis- chemicals released by tissues attract cells towards the source |
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Main function of neutrophils and monocytes is?
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phagocytosis
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phagocytosis is a selective process, what is the process?
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1. cell binds to infectous agent
2. pseudopodia project around particle 3. membrane invaginates around particle-endocytosis 4. particle digested ny intracell enzymes |
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phagocytosis; Macrophage v. Neutrophil--
Neutrophil can phagocytose ____ bacteria before dying? macrophages can phagocytose ____ bacteria |
1. 3-20 bacteria
2. 100 bacteria - more effective, eat larger particles live much longer by extruding by products |
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Reticuloendothelial system: Monocyte-macrophage cell system
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Reticuloendothelial system: Monocyte-macrophage cell system
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Monocytes mature to macrophages when?
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they enter target tissues
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Types of Macrophages-
name the 5 types. |
Histiocytes- in skin and subcutaneous
2. lymph node macrophages 3. alveolar macropahges 4. kupffer cells- macrophages in liver 5. Spleen and bone marrow macrophages |
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Macrophage and neutrophil response to inflammation-
first line of defense is? |
tissue macrophages
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secon line of defense is?
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neutrophil invasion
chemotaxis- w/in an hour |
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third line of defense?
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second macrophage invasion
-monocytes from blood enter inflammed tissue and enlarge to macrophages (days to weeks) |
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foruth line of defense?
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increased production of granulocytesand monocytes by bone marrow (3-4 days)
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Neutrophilia is?
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increase in # of neutrophils in blood
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EOSINOPHILS-
weak phagocytes but release? |
lethal substances
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increase with?
collect in tissues during? |
parasytic infection
allergic reactions |
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BASOPHILS
similar to? liberate____ into the blood. |
mast cells
heparin |
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basophils release?
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histamin, bradykinin, and serotonin
- cause inflammation |
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basophils are involved in____ ____ and release ___ agents
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allergic reaction, inflammatory
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LEUKOPENIA
bone marrow produces? |
TOO FEW WBCs
weakens body immune system normal bacteria proliferates and disseminates |
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Causes of leukopenis includes?
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irradiation, drugs, chemical exposure
-aplasia of bone marrow |
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LEUKEMIA
what is leukemia? what are two types? |
uncontrolled production of WBCs via cancerous mutations
lymphocytic- abnormal lymphoid cells (lymph nodes) myelogenous- in bone marrow, spreads thru body producing in lymph, spleen, liver |
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immunity is?
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ability to resist organisms and toxins that tend to damage tissues and organ
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innate immunity is general immunity
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general phagocytosis
destruction of swallowed organisms by stomach acid resistance by skin to invasdion |
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acquired immunity
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Specific immunity by forming antibodies or activated lymphocytes
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Acquired immunity--
1. Humeral-- B cell lymphocytes are processed in? |
liver/ bone marrow--produce antibodies
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Acquired immunity--
2. Cell mediated- T cell lymphocytes are developed to_____ the agent. T cells are processed in the? |
destroy
thymus |
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Acquired immunity-
Activation of humeral and cell mediated pathway creates _____ cells that activate when there is another exposure to agent. |
memory
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B cells- humoral immunity--
Direct action on? |
invaders (weaker effects)
-aggulation (clumping of cells) -precipitation -neutrilization -lysis |
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B cell lymphocytes- humoral immunity;
Amplified reaction via the? |
complement system
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Complement system for antibodies:
a system of about _____ proteins. |
20
many are enzyme precursors, normally inactive and located in blood |
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what is the path of complement system for antibodies?
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1. antigen binds antibody
2. sitr on antibody becomes activated 3. activated site binds w/ C1 of complement system 4. cascade enzyme rxn occurs |
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Effects of the complement sytem:
products of the cascade cause the following responses. |
opsonization
lysis of cell membrane agglutination neutrilization of viruses chemotaxis activate mast cells and basophils inflammatory effects |
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T CELLS-
What are the three types of t cells? |
Helper T cells- secrete lymphokines
Cytoxic T cells- "Killer" cells- directly attack microorganisms Suppresor T cells- suppress the action of Helper T and Cytotoxic T cells |
