Cell Parts

Front 1

cell membrane

Back 1

-surface boundary of cell
-selectively permeable membrane
-phospholipid billayer embedded with proteins
*Functions:isolation, sensitivity and regonition, structural support, control transport in and out of cell-

Front 2

cytoplasm

Back 2

material inside the cell between the plasma membrane and nuclear membrane
*Consists of cytosol, inclusions, organelles, cytoskeleton

Front 3

nucleus

Back 3

-largest organelle
-surrounded by nuclear envelope
-contains neoplasm, nucleoli, and chromatin
-stores genetic information to control synthesis fo 100,000 different proteins
-control center of cellular operations

Front 4

cilia

Back 4

long hairlike surface extension
-non motile cilia common in sensory organs
-motile cilia common in respiratory tract-move in waves to generate fluid currents

Front 5

flagella

Back 5

moltile cilia
-only functional one are the whip like tail of the male gamete

Front 6

tight junctions

Back 6

impermeable junction
prevent molecules from passing between adajcent cells in an epithelium

Front 7

desmosomes

Back 7

anchoring junctions
mechanical coupling between cells to hold them together

Front 8

gap junctions

Back 8

communication between cells
allows chemical messengers to rapidly pass between cells

Front 9

solutions

Back 9

homogenous mixtures of components

Front 10

solute

Back 10

substances present in lesser amounts

Front 11

solvent

Back 11

substance present in greatest amount

Front 12

concentration

Back 12

percent of solute in solution

Front 13

concentration gradient

Back 13

molecules move away from areas where they are in high concentration to areas where their concentration is lower

Front 14

osmolarity

Back 14

total concentration of all solute particles in a solution

Front 15

tonicity

Back 15

ability of a solution to cause a change in cell shape by altering internal water volume

Front 16

diffusion

Back 16

nonpolar and lipid soluble molecule pass directly throgh lipid bilayer
EX:fatty acids, steroids, alcohol, lipid soluble vitamins

Front 17

osmosis

Back 17

simple diffustion if water across a selectivle permeable membrane
-water moves in direction of highest solute concentration

Front 18

isotonic

Back 18

solutions with same concentration of nonpenetrating solutes as those found in cell
EX:09% NaCl solution

Front 19

hypertonic

Back 19

solutions with a higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes that inside the cell
EX:strong salt solution
cells shrink and die

Front 20

hypotonic

Back 20

solutions that contain fewer nonpenetrating solutes than inside cell
EX:distilled water
cells swell and burst

Front 21

facilitated diffusion

Back 21

passive transport of molecules across membrane by combining with carrier protein molecules in the cell membrane
-impt for molecules insoluble in lipids such as glucose and amino acids

Front 22

active transport

Back 22

requires ATP, specific enzymes and carrier proteins
-energy provided by hydrolysis fo ATP
-can transport against concentration gradient
EX:sodium potassium pump

Front 23

vesicular transport

Back 23

transport of large particles of fluid and macromolecules across plasma membrane in bubble like vesicles
-requires ATP

Front 24

exocytosis

Back 24

movement out of the cell

Front 25

endocytosis

Back 25

movement into the cell

Front 26

phagocytosis

Back 26

cytoplasmic extensions called pseudopods protrude and engulf cell debris and bacteria
EX:macrophages and leukocytes

Front 27

pinocytosis

Back 27

cytoplasmic extensions engulf droplets if extracellualr fluid containing dissolved molecules
-routine activity of cells

Front 28

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Back 28

mechanism for specific uptake of most maromolecules
-specific receptors bind to molecules and are internalized
EX:flu virus, AIDS, polio, hepatitus use process and enter cells and attack

Front 29

cytosol

Back 29

intracellular fluid in which cytoplasmic elements are suspended

Front 30

inclusions

Back 30

large storage particles of chemical substances

Front 31

inclusions

Back 31

large storage particles of chemical substances

Front 32

organelles

Back 32

metabolic machinery of cell
-membranous and nonmembranous

Front 33

mitochondria

Back 33

contain enzymes that synthesize ATP
sites of cellular respiration
have own DNA and RNA and capable of division

Front 34

ER

Back 34

network of interconneting tubes and channels formed by parallel membranes within cytosol

Front 35

rough ER

Back 35

embedded with ribosomes
portein synthesis and membrane factory

Front 36

smooth ER

Back 36

enzymes located here catalyze reactions involved in lipid metabolism
lipid and steroid metabolism
drug detoxification