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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleus
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Command central. Contains DNA. (DNA chromatin condenses to form chromosomes in mitosis) Nucleoli contains rRNA. In euk, the nucleus is surrounded by a selective-permeable nuclear envelope.
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Ribosomes
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Coordinate protein synthesis. Consist of RNA. Ribsomes read the mRNA and assemble amino acids in the order to make protein chains.
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Mitochondria
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Powerhouse of the cell. Double-membrane bound. Site of respiration (2 ATP) and oxidative phosphorylation (36 ATP max). INner membrane folds to for cristae which are suspended in a fluid, the matrix, which contains DNA and ribosomes.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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Tube-like membranes continuous with the nuclear envelope where proteins can be modified. Can be smooth (no ribsomes attached) or rough (ribosomes attached. synthesizes proteins)
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Golgi Apparatus
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"Post office of the cell" Folded, stacked membrane. Proteins from ribsomes are stored, modified, "addressed" with carbohydrate tags, and packaged for delivery.
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Vesicles
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Transports proteins.
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Lysosomes
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Memebrane-bound organelles which contain digestive enzymes that break down proteins, lipids, carbs, and nucleic acids. They are important in processing the contents of vesicles taken from outside the cell. Perfect condition of the lysosome is crucial so it doesn't digest cellular components as well.
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Chloroplasts
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Only in plants. Contains green pigment and chlorophyll. Site of photosynthesis. Like mitochondria, it is a double-membrane bound organelle, and has its own DNA and ribosomes in the stroma. Cotains grana which are stacks of thylakoids which is where the reactions of photosynthesis occur.
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Vacuoles
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Found mainly in plants a protists. Liquid-filled cavitites surrounced by a single membrane. Serve as storage for food and wastes. Contractile vacuoles help protist to rid their cells of excess water that occurs because of a salt imbalance in their environment.
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Cilia/Flagella
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Organelles with allow the cell to move. Flagella are long, whip-like structures, and cilia are short hair-like projections. Both contain a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules in croos section and are powered by kinesin and dynein molecules.
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Centrioles
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Not found in plant cells. Paired organelles with 9 sets of microtubule triplets in cross section. Important for organizing the microtubule spindle needed to move chromosomes during mitosis.
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