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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vesicles containing degrative enzymes -break down organic compounds -neutralize toxic compounds |
Peroxisome |
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Vesicles containing digestive enzymes -break down organic compounds, damaged organelles and pathogens |
Lysosomes |
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Membrane extensions containing microfilaments Increase surface area for absorption |
Microvilli |
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Stacks of flattened membranes containing chambers Entry and exit surfaces Process products from rough st Vesicles |
Goli apparatus |
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Controls metabolism and protein synthesis |
Nucleus |
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Synthesizes secretory products Stores and transports within cell Detoxifies drugs and toxins |
Endoplasmic reticulum |
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Synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates |
Smooth ER |
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Modified and packages newly synthesized proteins |
Rough ER |
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RNA and proteins Synthesizes proteins |
Ribosomes |
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Double membrane Produces 95 percent of cellular ATP |
Mitochondrion |
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Through plasma membrane Include transmembrane proteins Can transport water or solutes |
Integral proteins |
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Cell membrane inner or outer surface Fewer then integral proteins May have regulatory or enzymatic functions |
Peripheral proteins |
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Cell recognition Binding to extracellular structures Lubrication of cell surface |
Glycocalyx |
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Physical isolation Control entry and exit Sensitivity to environment Structural support |
Plasma membrane |
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Typically composed of actin Commonly at periphery of cell |
Microfilaments |
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Cells under mechanical stress |
Intermediate filaments |
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Intracellular transport Chromosome migration Include centrioles, cilia and flagella |
Microtubules |
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Composed of microtubules DNA movement |
Centrioles |
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Make lipids, steroids and store glycogen |
Smooth ER |
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Make and process proteins. Exports them to Golgi apparatus |
Rough ER |
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Renews or modifies plasma membrane Packages secretions and enzymes into vesicles |
Golgi apparatus |
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Contain dogesrive enzymes Autophagy-organelle recycling Extracellular digestion Autolysis-digest entire cell |
Lysosomes |
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Produce ATP Contain their own DNA and ribosomes |
Mitochondria |
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Assemble RNA subunits |
Nucleoli |
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02, CO2 and steroids |
Freely permeable |
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Small uncharted molecules |
Selectively permeable |
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Ions, large uncharted polar molecules and glucose |
Impermeable |
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Permit free passage of some materials and restrict others |
Selectively permeable membranes |
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Passive movement driven by concentration differences Net movement from higher concentration to lower |
Diffusion |
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Net diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
Osmosis |
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Total solue concentration in an aqueous solution |
Osmolarity |
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Effect of osmotic solutions on cell volume |
Tonicity |
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3 effects of tonicity -equal solute concentration -lower solute concentration outside cell -greater concentration outside cell than inside |
Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic |
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Integral proteins facilitate membrane passage Transport hydrophilic or large molecules across cell membrane |
Carrier proteins |
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Passive transport Rate limited by number of available carrier proteins |
Facilitated diffusion |
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Requiring energy Independent of concentration gradient |
Active transport |
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Sacs formed from existing membrane Requires ATP |
Vehicular transport |
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Import Solid Fluid Export |
Endocytosis Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Exocytosis |
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2 daughter cells produced Each 46 chromosomes |
Mitosis |
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Produces sex cells Each with only 23 chromosomes |
Meiosis |
