Cell Membranes And Organelles

Front 1

What are the four major phospholipid types?

Back 1

Phosphotidylcholine, sphinogomyelin, phosphotidylserine, phosphotidylethanolamine

Front 2

The lipid with a serine R-group has a positive charge: T or F

Back 2

F, negative

Front 3

The variety of phospholipids in the membrane allows _______ for reactions.

Back 3

specificity

Front 4

In most membrane-spanning proteins, the region that crosses within the hydrophobic membrane interior is that of an __________.

Back 4

alpha-helix

Front 5

The protein- and carboydrate-rich coating on the cell surface is called the __________.

Back 5

glycocalyx

Front 6

What are the four major phospholipid types?

Back 6

Phosphotidylcholine, sphinogomyelin, phosphotidylserine, phosphotidylethanolamine

Front 7

The lipid with a serine R-group has a positive charge: T or F

Back 7

F, negative

Front 8

The variety of phospholipids in the membrane allows _______ for reactions.

Back 8

specificity

Front 9

In most membrane-spanning proteins, the region that crosses within the hydrophobic membrane interior is that of an __________.

Back 9

alpha-helix

Front 10

The protein- and carbohydrate-rich coating on the cell surface is called the __________.

Back 10

glycocalyx

Front 11

During simple diffusion, water moves from areas of ___ solute concentration to those of _____ concentration.

Back 11

low, high

Front 12

Small, nonpolar molecules like water, CO2, and oxygen move almost freely by ________ diffusion.

Back 12

simple

Front 13

Solutions low in solute concentration relative to other solutions are _______.

Back 13

hypotonic

Front 14

Solutions higher in solute concentrations relative to others are _________.

Back 14

hypertonic

Front 15

When two solutions have the same solute concentration they are called __________.

Back 15

isotonic

Front 16

What is facilitated diffusion (passive transport)?

Back 16

The use of channel or carrier proteins to allow molecules to diffuse down a gradient

Front 17

Cells naturally have a _____ charged cytoplasm, so the opening of ion channels favors the movement of _______ charged ions.

Back 17

negatively, positively

Front 18

Active transport uses the energy of _________ to change the protein's _________ in the membrane so molecules can be brought into and out of cell against concentration gradients.

Back 18

ATP, conformation

Front 19

The transport of molecules in opposite directions is known as _______.

Back 19

antiport

Front 20

Pulling two different molecules in the same direction is called _______

Back 20

symport

Front 21

Calcium (Ca2+) is stored in high concentrations where?

Back 21

Endoplasmic reticulum

Front 22

__________ is when the cell membrane invaginates to form a vesicle of transported material that moves freely within the cytoplasm.

Back 22

Endocytosis

Front 23

A vesicle containing material to be expelled merges with the lipid bilayer and the material is pushed off into the extracellular space, this is called _______.

Back 23

Exocytosis

Front 24

In ______ junctions, nothing can diffuse between cells or past the junction.

Back 24

Tight (occluding)

Front 25

In _______ junctions, a series of proteins between cells connect one cell's cytoplasm to another's.

Back 25

Anchoring

Front 26

Gap junctions formed by proteins called _________, build tubes or pores between two cells so that ions and materials can pass between.

Back 26

Connexins

Front 27

Free ribosomes are found in the __________, while bound ribosomes are found in the outer membrane of the ___________.

Back 27

Cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum

Front 28

Smooth ER is involved in _______ synthesis and _________ of drugs and poisons.

Back 28

Lipid, detoxification

Front 29

Rough ER is involved in ______ synthesis via ________ lining its outer surface.

Back 29

Protein, ribosomes

Front 30

How are the proteins and lipids synthesized in the ER transported to the Golgi apparatus?

Back 30

Through vesicles formed by budding of the ER membrane

Front 31

This structure is a stack of membrane-enclosed sacs between the ER and the plasma membrane.

Back 31

Golgi apparatus

Front 32

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Back 32

To modify proteins (adding sugar groups) from the ER and repackaging them for delivery to lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or exterior of the cell

Front 33

__________ contain hydrolytic enzymes involved in intracellular digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.

Back 33

Lysosomes

Front 34

Lysosomes maintain a pH of ______ in its interior.

Back 34

5

Front 35

When are lysosomes useful?

Back 35

To renew the cell's own components by breaking them down and releasing molecular building blocks into the cytosol, or to digest injured or dying cels

Front 36

Peroxisomes contain _______ enzymes that break down ______ and ________ compounds such as alcohol.

Back 36

oxidative, fats, detoxify

Front 37

The inner membrane of the mitochondria contains many convolutions called _______.

Back 37

Cristae

Front 38

Plants have _______, membrane enclosed sacs within the cell, to store waste and maintain structure.

Back 38

Vacuoles

Front 39

Plants have a _______, which animal cells lack.

Back 39

Cell wall made of cellulose

Front 40

Do prokaryotic cells have a cytoskeleton?

Back 40

No