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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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General tubal layers (outermost layer to lumen)
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1. Serosa (mesothelial cells)
2. Muscularis externa (outer-longitidual: shortens tube; inner- circular: contracts tube) *Auerbach's plexus *Stomach has 3rd oblique layer 3. Submucosa: dense connective tissue, Meissner's plexus, submucosal glands 4. Mucosa *epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae |
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Intrinsic plexus that controls muscularis externa?
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Auerbach's plexus
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3 Divisions: Mucosa
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1. Epithelium: stratified in mouth/esophagus; single layer-intestines
2. Lamina propria: loose connective, vascularized, cell types (macrophage, lymphocytes, plasma cell, mast cell, eosinophils, fibroblast 3. Muscularis mucosae: inner circular and outer longitudinal *esophagus-longitudinal only *Small intestine- involved in villi movement |
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3 Epithelial Functions
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1. Protection
-physical: stratified squamous in esophagus -chemical: mucous/glycocalyx 2. Secretion -single-celled glands: goblet cells -mucosal glands: Crypts of Lieberkuhn -extra-tubal glands: pancreas/gall bladder 3. Absorption -Intestines only. 600x surface area. |
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Esophagus:
a. Muscularis mucosae b. Epithelium c. Muscularis externa |
a. Muscularis mucosae: longitudinal only
b. Epithelium: Stratified squamous c. Muscularis externa: upper 1/3 is skeletal (swallowing) |
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Esophagus:
Glands |
a. submucosal glands
b. cardiac glands (in lamina propria) |
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Stomach: Layers (Outer to lumen)
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1. SEROSA
2. Longitudinal muscle 3. Circular muscle 4. Oblique muscle *2-4=Muscularis externa *form pyloric-duodenal sphincter 5. Submucosa 6. Muscularis muscosa 7. Gastric mucosa (gastric pits located here; bases above #6) *mucous glands in cardiac/pyloric region also above #6 |
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Stomach: Regions (3 in lecture, associated gland type)
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1. Cardiac: entrance, mucus glands
2. Pyloric: exit, mucus glands 3. Fundic: Fundic/gastric glands |
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Stomach: 5 cell types in simple epithelium of gastric glands
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a. Surface mucous cells
b. Mucous neck cells c. Parietal cells d. Chief cells e. Enteroendocrine cells (Enterochromaffin, Argentaffin, APUD) -single-cell gland -secrete digestive enzymes into lamina propria -basal granules -20+cell types (classified by granules) - |
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Intrinsic factor
a. Required for absorption of? b. Absence causes? |
a. B12 in small intestine
b. pernicious anemia in RBCs |
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Surface mucous cells
a. Granule location/stain? b. cell location? |
a. Surface mucous cells
-apical mucous granules (PAS+) -location: surface/pits |
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Mucous neck cells
a. EM granules b. Granule distribution |
b. Mucous neck cells
-EM=dark mucous granules -granules equally distributed in cytoplasm |
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Parietal cells
a. Tubovesicular stain? b. Membrane structure c. Organelle content? d. Produce 2 items? e. Release factor? f. Location? |
c. Parietal cells
-tubovesicular structures PAS+ -surface invaginations -high [mitochondria] -produce HCl, bicarbonate (basal, released to lamina propria to neutralize apical acid leaks) -release intrinsic factor -visible in neck, more prominent deeper |
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Chief cells
a. Glandular location b. Granule color c. Organelle content d. Store/secrete? |
d. Chief cells
-bottoms of tubular gland -dark or light granules -high [RER, Golgi, secretory granules] -Zymogenic (store/secrete pepsinogen) |
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Enteroendocrine cells
a. Granule location b. Cell types #/classification |
e. Enteroendocrine cells (Enterochromaffin, Argentaffin, APUD)
-single-cell gland -secrete digestive enzymes into lamina propria -basal granules -20+cell types (classified by granules) |
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Gastric Progenitor cell
a. Detectable by conventional staining? b. Location? |
a. No
b. Isthmus; base of gland, gives rise to all glandular cells |
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Small Intestine:
a. Function |
Some digestion, most absorption
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Small Intestine: Structures
a. Valve of Kerckring (plicae circulares) b. Villi c. crypts of Lieberkuhn d. Brunner's gland |
a. Permanant infolding, submucosa core, increases SA
b. Villi=fuzzy c. Tubular gland, begins at bottom of intervillous space d. submucosal duodenum; empty into crypt bottom |
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Small Intestine: Villi/crypts
a. Villi b. Crypts |
a. Villi
-mucosal projection into lumen -epitheilal cells on BM -lamina propria in core (central lacteal, capillaries, mast cell, plasma cell, scattered smooth muscle, macrophage) b. Crypts -straight, tubular gland -epithelial cells on BM -surrounded by lamina propria |
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Small Intestine: 5 epithelial cell types
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a. Absorptive
b. Goblet c. Paneth d. Enteroendrocrine (crypts/on villi) e. Progenitor (lower crypt) |
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Small Intestine: sectional variations (glands/lymphoid tissue)
a. Jejunum b. Ileum |
a. No submucosal glands
b. No submucosal glands; lymphoid tissue (Peyer's patches) |
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Small Intestine: Absorptive cells
a. Microvilli characteristics b. Cellular features c. Role in fat absorption |
a. Constitute brush border, filed with actin (microfilament), covered in glycocalyx (digestive enzymes bind here)
b. Mitochondria (energy for active transport, lumen to bloodstream) c. Fat Absorption -TAGS--> FAs+glycerol, then cross PM -reassembled into TAGs in ER -packed into chylomicra -passed to intercellular central lacteal |
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Small Intestine: Goblet cell
a. Function |
a. secrete mucus
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Small Intestine: Paneth cell
a. Function b. Granule type/stain c. Granule contents d. Alpha-defensin purpose e. Granule secretion regulation f. Disease correlation |
a. produce antimicrobials agents that regulate gut bacterial flora
b. Refractile granule; eosinophilic c. anti-bacterial enzyme, lysozyme, alpha-definsin (peptide) d. distrupts bacterial cells, [mM] in crypt e. by bacteria and cholescystokinin f. Inflammatory bowel syndrome |
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Small Intestine: Enteroendocrine cell
a. Location b. Product |
a. Crypt/villi
b. Cholecystokinin |
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Large Intestine
a. Regions b. Appendix notable for: |
a. Appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon
b. Blind pouch, site of chronic infections |
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Large Intestine: Histology
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a. Villi dissapear
b. Crypts contain more goblet cells (mucous) c. No lymphatics in lamina propria |
