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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gene |
the basic physical unit of heredity; a linear sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA that provides the coded instructions for synthesis of RNA, which, when translated into protein, leads to the expression of hereditary character.
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Chromosome |
any of several threadlike bodies, consisting of chromatin, that carry the genes in a linear order: the human species has 23 pairs, designated 1 to 22 in order of decreasing size and X and Y for the female and male sex chromosomes respectively. |
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Chromatin |
the readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus, consisting of DNA, RNA, and various proteins, that forms chromosomes during cell division. |
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Chromatid |
one of two identical chromosomal strands into which a chromosome splits longitudinally preparatory to cell division. |
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Centromere |
a specialized structure on the chromosome, appearing during cell division as the constricted central region where the two chromatids are held together and form an X shape. |
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cell cycle |
the cycle of growth and asexual reproduction of a cell, consisting of interphase followed in actively dividing cells by prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. |
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interphrase |
the period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not undergoing division, typically occurring between mitotic or meiotic divisions. Also called interkinesis. |
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mitosis |
the usual method of cell division, characterized typically by the resolving of the chromatin of the nucleus into a threadlike form, which condenses into chromosomes, each of which separates longitudinally into two parts, one part of each chromosome being retained in each of two new cells resulting from the original cell. |
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cytokinesis |
the division of the cell cytoplasm that usually follows mitotic or meiotic division of the nucleus. |
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spindle |
a spindle-shaped structure, composed of microtubules, that forms near the cell nucleus during mitosis or meiosis and, as it divides, draws the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell. |
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cancer |
1. any disease characterized by such growths.
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tumor |
an uncontrolled, abnormal, circumscribed growth of cells in any animal or plant tissue; neoplasm. |
