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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why does a living thing grow?
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because it produces more and more cells
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When a cell gets larger what happens to the volume and surface area?
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The volume increases faster than the surface area
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When a cell gets larger..
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the harder it is t move materials in and out
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What is cell division?
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the process where the cell divides into daughter cells
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Why must cell division be controlled?
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uncontrolled cell growth is cancerous
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How does cell division control itself?
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controls can be turned on or off to start and stop cell division
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What is cancer ?
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a disorder in which some cells lost the ability to control their own rate of grows
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What happens as cancerous cells grow and divide?
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the supply of nutirients becomes exhausted.
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What is the first stage of cell division?
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Mitosis
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Mitosis
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process by which the nucleus of the cell is divided into 2 nuclei each with the same number of and kinds of chromosomes as the parent cell
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What is the second stage of cell division?
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cytokinesis
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What is cytokinesis
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process by which cytoplasm divides thus forming two distinct cells
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What are chromosomes
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structures in the cell that contain genetic info that is passed from one generation to the next
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IN prokaryots.. chromosomes are..
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Circular there is one single chromosome ad plasmid
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What is a chromatin
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material that makes up chromosomes
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In eurkaryotes..chromosomes
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are made of dinstinct lengths of DNA
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What happens in the early stages of mitosis?
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Chromatin condensed and chromosomes are visible
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what are chromatids composed of>?
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DNA AND PROTEINs
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what are histones?
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protains that hep with the folding of DNA so it can fin in the nucleus// spool for DNA
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what arew nucleosomes?
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tiny particles formed from dna and histones
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what is a chromatid?
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identical parts of chromosomes
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What is the centromere?
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where chromotids attach together
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What is the cell cycle?
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the period of time from the beggining of one cell division to the beggining of the next
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true or false> all cells go thorugh cell division at the same rate
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false
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How long does the average human cell take to divide?
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20 hours
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Multicellular organisms carefull control ___ ____ and ____
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cell division and growth
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A mistake in ___ ___ can be fatal such as cancer
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cell cycle
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interpahse-
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in between cell division, g1 s g2
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G1
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growth one occurs, organelles arw copied. normal metobolic roles
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S.
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synthsis. cromosomes duplictaes
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G2
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growth two. prepares for mitosis
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prohase-
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longest pahse. chromosomes appear. centrioled organize microtubles to form spindle
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spindle-
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helps pull apart chromatids
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metaphase-
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shortest pahse. chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. chromosomes atach to spindle
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anaphase
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centromeres split. chromosomes move towar opposite sides
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telophase-
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spindle breaks forms to nuclei around each set of chromosomes cytokinesis occures
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What happens during cytokinesis
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in animal cels the membrance is pinched in plant cells a cell plate forms betweeen divided nuclie
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