Cell Functions And Parts

Front 1

FUNCTION mitochondrion

Back 1

transfers energy from organic compounds to ATP

Front 2

FUNCTION ribosome

Back 2

organized the synthesis of proteins

Front 3

FUNCTION rough endoplasmic reticulum

Back 3

makes large amounts of proteins to be exported from the cell or inserted into cell membrane

Front 4

FUNCTION Golgi Apparatus

Back 4

processes and packages substances produced by cell

Front 5

FUNCTION lysosome

Back 5

digests molecules, old organelles, and forgein substances

Front 6

FUNCTION microfilaments and microtubules

Back 6

contribute to the support, movement, and division of cells

Front 7

FUNCTION cilia and flagella

Back 7

to move materials over the cell surface , to propel the cell

Front 8

FUNCTION nucleus

Back 8

stores hereditary information in DNA; synethesizes RNA and ribosomes

Front 9

FUNCTION cell wall

Back 9

supports and protects cell (NOT IN ANIMALS)

Front 10

FUNCTION cell membrane

Back 10

controls the ease to which substances pass through the cell, selectively permeable

Front 11

FUNCTION vacuole

Back 11

stores enzymes and waste products

Front 12

FUNCTION plastid

Back 12

stores food or pigments, among other things

Front 13

what is the Crista

Back 13

The inner fold in mitochondria

Front 14

what is ATP

Back 14

useable energy

Front 15

is mitochondria membrane-bound

Back 15

it has 2 membranes

Front 16

purpose for cristae

Back 16

more surface area= more room for chemical reactions= more ATP

Front 17

What do mitochondria have

Back 17

DNA

Front 18

how do more mitochondria arise

Back 18

when existing M. grow and divide

Front 19

mitochondria theory

Back 19

prokaryotes may have gained protection by living inside of eukaryotes and converted chemical energy for eukaryotes

Front 20

# of membranes surrounding ribosomes

Back 20

none

Front 21

what ribosomes assembalge

Back 21

2 organic compounds- RNA and proteins

Front 22

what is a endoplasmic reticulum

Back 22

intracellular highway

Front 23

FUNCTION smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Back 23

synthesis of steriods in gland cells, regulation of calcium levels in muscle cells, and breakdown of toxic substances by liver cells

Front 24

what is golgi apparatus made of

Back 24

a series of membranes

Front 25

what do lysosomes digest

Back 25

proteins, carbs, lipids, DNA, and RNA, old organelles, viruses, and bacteria

Front 26

what are lysosomes in

Back 26

animals, fungi, and protists; rare in plants

Front 27

what is actin

Back 27

one od the 2 proteing filaments in a muscle cell that function in contraction

Front 28

what are spindle fibers

Back 28

one of the microtubules that extend across dividing ekaryotic cells, assists in movements of chromosomes

Front 29

microfilaments are what?

Back 29

smallest strands that are made of polymer chains of actin that contribute in cell movement and contraction of muscle cells

Front 30

microtubules are what?

Back 30

largest strands of the cytoskeleton that extend outward from a central pint near the nucleus

Front 31

cilia vs. flagella

Back 31

cilia= short, hairlike, in groups of many
flagella= long, made up of microtubules, propels unicellular organisms

Front 32

what is the nuclear matrix

Back 32

nuclear skeleton, shape-maintaining protein

Front 33

what is the nuclear envelope

Back 33

double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Front 34

chromatin

Back 34

DNA and proteins in nucleus of a nondividing cell

Front 35

chromosomes

Back 35

DNA and protein in a coiled, rod-shaped form that occurs during cell division

Front 36

nuclear pores

Back 36

small holes in nuclear envelope through which substances pass between nucleus and cytoplasm

Front 37

nucleolus

Back 37

the structure in which ribosomes are synthesized and partially assembled

Front 38

RNA?

Back 38

copied from DNA in nucleus, directs synthesis of proteins, journeys to cytosol b4 it can synthesize

Front 39

What do cell walls contain

Back 39

long chains of cellulose (complex carb)- harden structure

Front 40

what happens when secondary cell wall is grown

Back 40

cell does not grow anymore

Front 41

primary cell wall

Back 41

just outside cell membrane

Front 42

secondary cell wall

Back 42

between primary and membrane, tough and woody

Front 43

how much of cell does vacoule occupy

Back 43

90%

Front 44

what does vacoule store

Back 44

enzymes, metabolic wastes, and some toxic things that must be kept away

Front 45

what are chloroplasts

Back 45

plastids containing chlorophyll; site of photosynthesis

Front 46

what are thylakoids

Back 46

flattened, membranous sacs inside chloroplasts that contain most of components involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis

Front 47

# of membranes surronding plastids

Back 47

2

Front 48

what do they store

Back 48

starch/fats/pigments to absorb light