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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Asexual Reproduction
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organisms that reproduce by cell division-1 cell divides into 2 genetically identical cells
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Sexual reproduction
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genetic material from different parents produce different offspring
uses sperm and egg |
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chromatin
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long fibers of DNA and proteins
too thin to see under a ligth microscope |
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chromosomes
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super coiled strands of DNA and proteins
chromatin condenses by coiling around proteins becomes visible during cell division |
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sister chromatids
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2 copies of same chromosome attached to eachother
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centromere
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region where the sister chromatids are joined together
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cell cycle
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the "life cycle" of the cell
divided into 2 major phases-interpahase and mitotic phase |
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interphase
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divided into 3 sub phases-
1. G1-normal cell growth 2.S-DNA duplicates 3.G2-cell grows more and prepares to divide |
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G1
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normal cell growth
# of organelles increase |
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S
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genetic material duplicates and chromosomes become sister chromatids
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G2
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cell grows more and prepares to divide
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Mitotic phase
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divided into 2 sub phases-
1. mitosis 2. cytokinesis |
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Mitosis
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nucleus divides and the sister chromatids separate
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cytokinesis
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cytoplasm divides, 2 new daughter cells are formed, and the daughter cells are genetically identical to the mother
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Prophase
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chromatin condenses into chromosomes-easily visable
nuclear envelope breaks down centrosomes-regions of cytoplasm where a spindle microtubule grows. moves to opposite sides of the cell |
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centrosomes
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regions of the cytoplams where the spindle microtuules grow. move to opposite sides of the cell
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Spindle microtubules
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threads of proteins that extend from the centrosomes
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metaphase
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chromosomes line up along the equator
spindle microtubules attach to the centromere of each chromosome |
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equator
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an imaginary line across teh middle of the cell
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anaphase
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spindle microtubles shorten and pull sister chromatids apart
once separated, they become individual chromosomes |
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telophase
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chromosomes uncoil back in chromatin, nuclear envelope begins to form, spindle microtubules break apart and disappear, nucleolus reappers, 2 separate nuclei, but still one cell
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benign tumor
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abnormal mass of essentially normal cell
can be removed by surgery don't move |
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malignant tumor
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masses of cells that result from reproduction of cancer
causes uncontrolled cell growth can spread to other tissues |
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cancer
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another name for a malignant tumor
100 different types of cancer |
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metastasis
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spread of cancerous tissue from the original site
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