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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 3 reasons for cell division? |
reproduction, growth, repair |
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what is the name of the cell that organisms develop from? |
zygote |
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what is the name for prokaryotic cell division? |
binary fission |
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what is the simplest form of cell division? |
binary fission |
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what type of DNA is replicated in binary fission? |
circular DNA |
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what do parent cells divide into? |
2 genetically identical daughter cells |
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what is cytokinesis? |
division of the cytoplasm |
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what may daughter cells be held together by? |
gelatinous material |
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in the cell cycle, what is the period go growth and preparation? |
interphase |
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most of cell life is spent in what phase? |
interphase |
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what happens during interphase? |
cell growth and DNA replication |
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what 3 stages occur in interphase? |
G1, S, G2 |
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when DNA is uncoiled what is it called? |
chromatin |
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what makes up a chromosome? |
chromatin |
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what happens during the G1 phase? |
growth of the cell, organelles duplicated, stuff is synthesized for the S phase |
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what is restriction point? |
where the cell is decided to continue to the S phase or enter G0 phase |
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what is the G0 phase? |
where cells do not divide |
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what happens during the S phase? |
DNA is replicated |
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what are chromatids held together by? |
a centromere |
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how is DNA replicated? |
an enzyme works its way up the DNA strand "unzipping" the 2 pieces and new nucleotides take the place of the missing parts to make 2 new strands |
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what is DNA replication considered semi-conservative replication? |
each side of the divided DNA strand is composed of the original nucleotides and new nucleotides |
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what is a somatic cell? |
any cell that isn't a reproductive cell (sperm or egg) |
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what is a gamete? |
cells with only 1 set of chromosomes, haploid |
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since somatic cells have 2 sets of chromosomes what is it called? |
a diploid |
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what is the name for the duplicated chromosomes? |
chromatid |
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what are homologous chromosomes? |
chromosomes that are similar but not identical,one inherited from the father and one from the mother |
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what happens in the G2 phase for animals? |
the centrioles divide |
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what happens in the G2 phase in plants? |
spindle assembly forms |
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what happens in both plant and animal cells during the G2 phase? |
chromosomes begin to compact |
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what is karyokinesis? |
the division of the nucleus |
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what is mitosis? |
the division of the nucleus containing replicated DNA into 2 daughter cells |
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does mitosis play a big part in the cell cycle? |
no |
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what cells never go through mitosis? |
nerve |
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what happens in prophase? |
the nuclear membrane breaks down |
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what happens during metaphase? |
chromosomes align along the equator |
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what happens during anaphase? |
the centromeres divide, separating the chromatids |
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what happens during telophase? |
a new nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes |
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what usually happens during the same time as telophase? |
cytokinesis |
