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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the cell cycle |
-mitosis occcupies a small percentage of cycle -majority of the cell is copying and checking genetic information and growth |
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Define mitosis |
Process of nuclear division where 2 genetically identical nuclei are formed from one parent nucleus. |
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Prophase |
-the replicated chromosomes coil (shorten and thicken) -nuclear envelope dismantles -centrioles divide into 2 and move to opposite poles -spindle begins to form |
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Metaphase |
-chromosomes move to equator (centre of spindle) -chromosomes attach to spindle thread |
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Anaphase |
-spindle fibres shorten, pulling chromosomes further apart, towards the poles |
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Telophase |
-chromosomes reach the poles -nuclear membrane forms around each -spindle breaks down and chromosomes uncoil -cytokinesis |
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What is mitosis for |
-multicellular organisms grow by producing genetically identical cells -damaged cells must be replaced by genetically identical cells |
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Differences between mitosis and meiosis |
-meiosis' daughter cells are not genetically identical to parent cell or eachother -meiosis daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes |
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Define differentiation |
Development of a cell to become specialized to form a specific function |
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How are neutrophilis differentiated |
-stem cells in bone marrow -retain nucleus -cytoplasm appears granular because of many lysosomes -digestive enzymes in lysosomes allow neutrophils to ingest as killer cells |
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How are erythrocytes differentiated |
-stem cells in bone marrow -lose nucleus, mitochondria, RER and golgi -packed full of haemoglobin and become biconcave for transporting oxygen |
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How are phloem sieve tube elements differentiated |
-start as meritem cells called cambium -cells elongate and line up end to end -end form sieve plates to allow movement of substances up and down tube -very metabolic companion cells nex to elements |
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How are xylem vessels differentiated |
-start as meristem cells called cambium -elongate and become waterproofed by lignin -cell content dies (form wide lumen) -end of cell break down to form tube |
