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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chromosome |
in a eukaryotic cells, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokiaryotc cell it is the main ring of DNA |
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histone |
a type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells |
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chromatid |
one of the two strands of a chromosome that become that become visible during meiosis or mitosis |
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centromere |
the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromosome together during mitosis |
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chromatin |
the material that makes up both miotic and interphase chromosomes a complex of proteins and dna strands that are loosely coiled such that translation and transcription can occur |
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sex chromosome |
one of the pair chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
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autosome |
any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
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karyotype |
a micrograph of the array of the chromosomes visible in a cell during metaphase a graphical display that shows an individuals chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs in order of diminishing size |
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diploid |
a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes |
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haploid |
describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes |
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binary fussion |
a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size |
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mitosis |
in eukaryotic cells a process of cell division that forms into two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
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asexual reproduction |
reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and on which a single parent produces off spring that are genetically identical to the parent |
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meiosis |
a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decrease to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus which results in the production of sex cells |
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gamete |
a haploid reproductive cell that unites with another haploid reproductive cell to form a zygote |
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interphase |
a period between two miotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies DNA, and synthesizes proteins |
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cytokenesis |
the division of the cytoplasma of a cell cytokenesis follows the division of the cells nucleus by mitosis or meiosis |
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spindle fiber |
one of the microtubules that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell ; assists in the movement of chromosomes |
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sexual reproduction |
reproduction in which gametes from two parents unite |
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spermarogenisis |
the process by which male gametes form |
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polar body |
a short lived product of the formation of gametes by meiosis
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