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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define cell increase.
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Cell division increases the number of cells in the body.
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Define cell decrease.
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Cells reduced by apoptosis when necessary.
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define:interphase.
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during late interphase chromatin is condensing into chromosomes and centrosomes have duplicated in preparation fo mitosis.
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define:early prophase
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during early prophase duplicated chromosomes are visible. Centrosomes begin moving apart;nuclear envelope is fragmenting, and nucleolus will disappear.
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define:late prophase
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spindle is in process of forming and centromeres of chromosomes are attaching to centromeric spindle fibers
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define:Metaphase
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Chromosomes (each consisting of two sister chromatids) are at the metaphase plate(center of fully formed spindle).
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define:Anaphase
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Daughter chromosomes (each consisting of one chromatid) are moving toward the poles of the spindle.
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define:Telophase
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Daughter cells are forming as the nuclear envelopes and nucleoli appear. Chromosomes will become indistinct chromatin.
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define the cell cycle.
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repeating sequence of events in eukaryotic cells consisting of the phases of interphase, when growth and dna synthesis occurs, and the stages of mitosis when cell division occurs.
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Centromere?
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constricted region of a chromosome where sister chromatids are attached to one another and where the chromosome attaches to a spindle fiber.
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Chromatin?
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Threadlike network in the nucleus that is made up of DNA and proteins.
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Chromosome
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Rodlike structure in the nucleus seen during cell division; contains the genes.
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crossing over?
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Exchange of corresponding segments of genetic material between nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during synapsis of meiosis.
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Cyclin?
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Protein that cycles in quantity as the cell cycle progresses;combines with and activates the kinases that function to promote the events of the cycle.
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cytokinesis?
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Division of the cytoplasm of a cell during telophase of mitosis or meiosis 1 and 2.
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diploid?
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2n number of chromosomes, thice the number of chromosomes found in gametes.
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Gametes?
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Haploid reproductive cell. Two gametes, most often an egg or sperm, join in fertilation to form a zygote.
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Zygote?
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Diploid cell formed by the union of two gametes, the product of fertilization.
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homologous chromosome?
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Similarly constructed chromosomes with the same shape and that contain genes for the same traits, also called homologues.
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meiosis?
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Type of cell division that in animals occurs during the production of gametes and results in four daughter cells with the haploid number of chromosomes.
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Mitosis?
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Type of cell division in which the daughter cells receive the exact chromosome and genetic makeup of the parent cell;occurs during growth and repairl
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oogenesis?
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Production of an egg in females by the process of meiosis and maturation.
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Polar body?
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Non functioning daughter cell, formed during oogenesis, that has little cytoplasm.
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Somatic cell?
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In animals, a body cell, excluding those that undergo meiosis and become a sperm or egg.
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Spermatogenesis?
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Production of sperm in males by the process of meiosis and maturation.
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