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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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3 Main Reasons Why Cells Must Divide: |
1. Repair 2. Grow 3. They have an upper and lower size limit |
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The rate at which your cells divide is linked to your body’s ________. |
NEED for the cells |
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Children embryos have _________ cell cycle than adults. |
Faster |
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Neurons do not ________, ________, or _________. |
1. Grow 2. Repair 3. Divide |
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All cells in an individual have identical ____. |
DNA |
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A _____ is formed when sperm fertilizes egg. |
Zygote |
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The zygote divides by ______ into genetically __________ cells. |
1. M-Phase 2. Identical |
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When the zygote is divided by ________, these cells undergo _________ of unspecialized cells called ________ cells. |
1. M-Phase 2. Differentiation 3. Stem |
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_______________ turn on the DNA needed and turn off the DNA not necessary for its function. |
Gene Switch |
Think lights. You can turn them on when needed but you don’t take them out of the room. |
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______________ control differentiation |
Gene switches ; (Gene switches turn on and off DNA) |
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________-ability of the cell to differentiate |
Plasticity |
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As plasticity decreases ___________ increases. |
Differentiation |
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Which cells are able to change into the largest variety of cells? |
The ones farthest left - the have the highest plasticity |
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Cells are told when to move from one stage to the next of the cell cycle by proteins called: __________. |
Cyclins |
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2 main parts of the cell cycle: |
1. Interphase 2. M-Phase |
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What is the job of interphase? |
To get the cell ready to divide |
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3 parts of interphase: |
1. G1 2. S 3. G2 |
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What happens in Gap 1 (in interphase) |
1. organelles duplicate 2. The enzyme, DNA polymerase is produced 3. The cell must go through a critical checkpoint before it can go to the next stage |
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What is being checked in G1 Checkpoint? |
1. Growth factors 2. Organelles 3. DNA undamaged Song: Checkpoint G1 growth factors and organelles, dna undamaged is a lovely smell. |
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Cancer is ______________________. |
Uncontrolled cell division |
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What happens in S-Phase |
• the cell makes a copy of its DNA |
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What happens in G2 |
1. Additional growth occurs 2. G2 checkpoint |
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What happens in G2 checkpoint? |
• growth factors • undamaged DNA |
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Mitosis is the division of the __________ and it’s contents |
Nucleus |
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M-Phase is for division of what kind of cells? |
Somatic (Body) |
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Mitosis Phases |
PMAT: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telephase |
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What is cytokinesis? |
When cell contents divide |
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What are all the cell cycle phases in order? |
Interphase: - G1 -S -G2 M-Phase: - Mitosis (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase) - Cytokenisis |
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What does DNA stand for? |
Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid |
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Each Nucleotide consists of : |
- deoxyribose sugar - phosphate - nitrogenous base |
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A mouse and a rose bush have the same _______________ but changing the ____________ changes the organism. |
Nucleotides; Order |
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Thymine and Cytosine are... |
Pyrimidines |
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Adenine and Guanine are... |
Purines |
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Pyrimidines have ___ ring and purines have _____ |
1. One 2. Two |
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What nucleotides pair |
T-A G-C |
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What pneumonic device can you use to help remember base pairing rules? |
At The Golf Course |
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What bonds to thymine |
Adenine |
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What is the complementary strand of ACTGC |
TGACG |
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DNA replication occurs during ... |
Synthesis phase |
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What are the 3 steps to DNA replication? |
1. Unzip DNA (helicase breaks HYDROGEN BONDS between the nitrogenous bases) 2. Base Pairing- DNA Polymerase creates a hydrogen bond between free nucleotides. 3. Backbone forms- covalent bond is formed between phosphate and deoxyribose. |
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