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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Introduction |
The continuity of life from one cell to another is based on the reproduction of cells via cell division. This division process occurs as part of the cell cycle: the life of a cell from its origin at the division of a parent cell until it's own division into two. |
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Reproduction: unicellular organisms |
Division is reproduction Called asexual Each offspring is identical Advantages: speed, efficiency |
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Reproduction: multicellular organisms |
Asexual reproduction: cutting in plants, offspring identical Sexual reproduction: offspring are varied Development: embryo-adult repair and renew, normal wear and aging |
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DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid |
The chemical building blocks of the genetic information in the cell. -specifies the characteristics of living organisms. DNA is usually in the form of two complementing strands. |
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Chromosomes |
DNA molecules are packaged into chromosomes. Human somatic cells (body cells) have 46 chromosomes Human gametes have 23 chromosomes, half the number in a somatic cell. |
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Genes |
Each chromosome has hundreds or thousands of genes: Units that specify an organisms inherited traits Region of DNA |
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Genome |
A cells genetic information, packaged as DNA, is called it's genome. Usually analyzed at the species level. Ex. Human genome project. In prokaryotes (cells without a nucleus(bacteria)), the genome is often a single long DNA molecule. In eukaryotes (nucleus), the genome is often consists of several DNA molecules. |
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Mitosis and cytokinesis (dividing chromosomes and splitting cell) |
These processes take one cell and produce two cells that are genetic equivalent of the parent. Advantages: fast, low energy |
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Meiosis, cytokinesis and fertilization |
Meiosis yields four daughter cells, each with half the chromosomes of the parent. (Gametes) Fertilization fuses two gametes together and restores the number of chromosomes. Advantages: creates variation |
