Cell Cycle/cell Division

Front 1

Rosalind Franklin

Back 1

· first to make images of the DNA molecule with

X ray diffraction

Front 2

Chargraff's Rule

Back 2

· amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine

· amount of cytosine equals the amount of guanine

· complementary bases

Front 3

James Watson and Francis Crick

Back 3

· built first DNA molecule

Front 4

Purines

Back 4

· two carbon nitrogen rings

· adenine and guanine

Front 5

Pyrimidines

Back 5

· one carbon nitrogen rings

· thymine and cytosine

Front 6

Nucleotide

Back 6

· sugar

· phosphate

· one of 4 complementary bases

Front 7

DNA

Back 7

· deoxyribosenucleic acid

· double helix

· semi-conservative

Front 8

Interphase (G1)

Back 8

· cell grows, organelles replicate

Front 9

Interphase (S)

Back 9

· DNA replication

─ chromatin unwinds

─ helicase unzips the hydrogen bonds

─ primer tells polymerase where to start adding complementary bases

─ DNA polymerase adds complementary bases

─── leading strand - 3' to 5'; lagging strand 5' to 3'

─ ligase fills in gaps

Front 10

Interphase (G2)

Back 10

· cell gets ready to divide

· more proteins, more organelles replicate

Front 11

Mitosis (Prophase)

Back 11

· chromosomes form, nuclear membrane breaks down

· centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell

· spindles form between centrioles

Front 12

Mitosis (Metaphase)

Back 12

· spindle fibers attach to centromeres of sister chromatids

· sister chromatids are lined up in the middle of the cell

Front 13

Mitosis (Anaphase)

Back 13

· spindle fibers pull sister chromatids to opposite sides of the cell

Front 14

Mitosis (Telophase)

Back 14

· chromosomes uncoil

· spindle fiber breaks down

· new nuclear membrane forms

· cleavage furrow - animals

· cell plate - plants

Front 15

Cytokinesis

Back 15

· the cytoplasm divides

Front 16

Binary Fission

Back 16

· cell enlarges

· DNA chromosomes are copied

· chromosomes move to opposite sides

· cell wall grows to center of cell

· cytoplasm splits apart