Cell Cycle

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gene

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a distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, the order of which determines the order of monomers in a polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule which a cell (or virus) may synthesize.

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chromosome

Back 2

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

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DNA

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Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses

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centromere

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the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the kinetochore, during cell division.

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tumor

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a swelling of a part of the body, generally without inflammation, caused by an abnormal growth of tissue, whether benign or malignant

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egg

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An organic vessel where an embryo develops, and one in which the female of an animal species lay as a means of reproduction. (2) An ovum. Supplement. An egg is an animal reproductive body that is spherical or ellipsoidal in shape. Inside the eggis the fertilized ovum that grows and develops as an embryo.

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autosome

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any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

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diploid

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(of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

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mitosis

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a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.

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interphase

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the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.

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homologous chromosome

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The cell has two sets of each chromosome; one of the pair is derived from the mother and the other from the father. The maternal and paternal chromosomes in a homologous pair have the same genes at the same loci, but possibly different alleles.

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chromatin

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the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.

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histone

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histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.

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chromatid

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each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.

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cancer

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Cancer can be defined as a disease in which a group of abnormal cells grow uncontrollably by disregarding the normal rules of cell division. Normal cells are constantly subject to signals that dictate whether the cell should divide, differentiate into another cell or die.

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sperm

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The male gamete or reproductive cell involved in sexual reproduction. It is produced by a male organism that unites with the egg of a female organism forming a zygote. Supplement

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karyotype

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the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.

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haploid

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(of a cell or nucleus) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

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zygote

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a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.

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meiosis

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Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells.

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cytokinesis

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the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.