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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gene |
The fundamental, physical, and functional unit of heredity |
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Chromosome |
A structure in all living cells that consists of a single molecule of DNA bonded to various proteins and that carries the genes determining heredity |
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DNA |
A type of macromolecule known as a nucleic acid, shaped like a twisted double helix and is composed of long strands of alternating sugars and phosphate groups, along with nitrogenous bases |
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Centromere |
The part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids or a dyad |
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Tumor |
When cancer cells behave as independent cells, growing without control they form these |
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Egg |
Organic vessel where an embryo develops, and one in which the female of an animal species lay as a means of reproduction |
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Autosome |
Any chromosome that is not a sex-determining chromosome |
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Diploid |
Cells with two complete sets of chromosomes |
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Mitosis |
Process where a single cell divides resulting in generally two identical cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes and genetic content as that of the original cell |
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Interphase |
Stage in the development of a cell following mitosis or meiosis, during which the nucleus is not dividing |
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Homologous Chromosome |
Similar chromosomes, not identical, carries same genes in same order |
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Chromatin |
Complex of nucleic acids (e.g. DNA or RNA) and proteins (histones), which condenses to form a chromosome during cell division |
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Histone |
Any of a group of five small basic proteins, occurring in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, that organize DNA strands into nucleosomes by forming molecular complexes around which the DNA winds |
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Chromatid |
One-half of two identical copies of a replicated chromosome |
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Cancer |
A disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue |
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Sperm |
A male gamete or reproductive cell involved in sexual reproduction |
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Karyotype |
The number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell |
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Haploid |
Describes a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes; in humans, gametes are haploid cells that contain 23 chromosomes, each of which a one of a chromosome pair that exists in diplod cells |
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Zygote |
The cell formed by the union of a male sex cell (a sperm) and a female sex cell (an ovum) |
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Meiosis |
The process by which the nucleus divides in all sexually reproducing organisms during the production of spores or gametes |
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Cytokinesis |
The physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells |
