Cell Cycle

Front 1

What check points detect

Back 1

1. spindle formation/damage to genome
2.incomplete previous step
3.arrests cycle so it can repair

Front 2

check pts and where they are

Back 2

1.spindle assembly-M1 chromos attatch to spindle
2.Nutrients,gf's dna damage,cell size-G1
3.dna damage,size-G2

Front 3

CDks

Back 3

phosphorylate proteis that transition the cycle
1-7 not 5
have to be w/ cyclins to work

Front 4

cyclins

Back 4

-HEAD B
- regulate cdks
-levels vary during cycle

Front 5

G2 checkpt

Back 5

-Cdk1 /cyclin A or B called MPF
-at the end of G2
-breakdown of nuc memb
-condensation of chromos
-protein degreadation
-form of spindle by activating anaphase promoting complex

Front 6

Anaphase promoting complex

Back 6

-kills securin which inhibits separin
-cleaves cohesins which are controlled by kineticore(sis chromos are free)
-inibited by mad2 released by kineticore which wont let anaphase start
-

Front 7

Restrictin pt

Back 7

-controls G1->S
-repairs damage b4 rep
-CDk4,6/cyclin D
-activated by CAK
-phosphorylates RB protein which drives the cycle past restriction pt

Front 8

GF's

Back 8

-start formation of D cyclins

Front 9

Cyclin E

Back 9

binds to cdk 2 and makes sure RB has lots of Pi and then its degraded so S phase can start

Front 10

Cyclin A

Back 10

binds to CDk 2 and starts S phase
-P 21 inhibits it

Front 11

mutations in mismatch repair genes

Back 11

cause:
-XP
-hereditatry nonpolyposis colon CA

Front 12

P 53

Back 12

-actvated by radiation or uv
-Atm and atr activated
-stmulates p21 which arrests cycle
-stops synthesis by binding to sigma unit of DNa pol

Front 13

Caspases

Back 13

-mediate protein cleavage