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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Signal is received and then converted into a response within the cell |
Cell signaling |
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Cell signaling uses... |
Chemical messangers |
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Types of chemical messengers |
Endocrine signaling, paracrine signalling, neuronal, contact-dependent |
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Long distance signaling used by both animals and plants |
Endocrine signaling |
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Hormones are released into the bloodstream by glands and can go anywhere in the body causing changes in many cells simultaneously. |
Endocrine signalling |
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Communicate with neighbors, only work over a short distance |
Paracrine signaling |
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Local signaling |
Paracrine signaling and neuronal signaling. |
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Cells have to make physical direct contact to send signals |
Contact dependant |
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A protein molecule that receives chemical signals from outside the cell |
Receptor |
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Signal transduction pathway stages |
Reception, transduction, response |
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Recieve signal |
Reception |
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Signal causes a cascade of communication |
Transduction |
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Cell response to the signal |
Response |
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_________ are similar to all life organisms supporting evolution |
Pathways |
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Small, hydrophilic, non-protein molecules |
2nd messangers |
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Amplify and sends signals into cells |
Transduction protein |
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The cell responds to the signal as directed |
Signal transduction pathway |
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Phosphorylation of proteins |
Protein kinase |
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Whats used to make DNA |
DNA prolymerase |
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Induction protein enters__________ to activate___________. |
Nucleus, DNA polymerase |
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Receptor proteins |
Ion channel, G-protein coupled, and nuclear Receptors. |
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Signal triggers the opening of an ion channel. |
Ion channel receptors |
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Responsible for every aspect of human biology |
G-protein coupled receptors |
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Functions as a molecular switch for the G-protein coupled receptor |
G-protein |
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Ligand |
1st messenger |
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Activated by hormones, ligands cross plasma membrane to interact with receptor inside cell |
Nuclear receptor |
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Two body systems that control most of the communication |
Nervouse system and endocrine system |
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Uses ion concentration gradients and action potentials to communicate quickly through electrical impulses |
Nervouse system. |
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Uses hormones secreted into the bloodstream to communicate |
Endocrine system |
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Protein is made by_______ |
Ribosomes with instructions from DNA |
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Hormones are released into the bloodstream by glands and then go anywhere in the body causing changes in many cells simultaneously |
Endocrine signaling |
