Ch 2 Cell Characteristics

Front 1

What is 1 pointing to?

Back 1

Plasma Membrane

Front 2

What is 2 pointing to?

Back 2

Nucleus

Front 3

What is 3 pointing to?

Back 3

Nuclear Envelope

Front 4

What is 4 pointing to?

Back 4

Chromatin

Front 5

What is 5 pointing to?

Back 5

Nucleolus

Front 6

What is 6 pointing to?

Back 6

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 7

What is 7 pointing to?

Back 7

Cytosol

Front 8

What is 8 pointing to?

Back 8

Mitochondrium

Front 9

What is 9 pointing to?

Back 9

Lysosome

Front 10

What is 10 pointing to?

Back 10

Centrioles

Front 11

What is 11 pointing to?

Back 11

Centrosome matrix

Front 12

What is 12 pointing to?

Back 12

Microtubule

Front 13

What is 13 pointing to?

Back 13

Intermediate filaments

Front 14

What is 14 pointing to?

Back 14

Peroxisome

Front 15

What is 15 pointing to?

Back 15

Secretion being released from the cell by exocytosis

Front 16

What is 16 pointing to?

Back 16

Golgi Apparatus

Front 17

What is 17 pointing to?

Back 17

Ribosomes

Front 18

What is 18 pointing to?

Back 18

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Front 19

What is the plasma (cell) membrane?

Back 19

It forms the outer, limiting barrier separating the internal contents of the cell from the external environment

Front 20

What is cytoplasm?

Back 20

It is a general term for all cellular contents located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.

Front 21

What is a nucleus?

Back 21

It is a cell's control center.

Front 22

Plasma (cell) membrane - structure

Back 22

Structure component:

Phospholipid bilayer containing cholesterol and proteins (integral and peripheral) and some carbohydrates (externally)

Front 23

Cytoplasm - structure

Back 23

Structure component:

Contains cytosol, a viscous fluid, and inclusions and organelles

Front 24

Cytosol - structure

Back 24

Structure component:

Viscous fluid medium with dissolved solutes (ions, nutrients, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and other small molecules)

Front 25

Organelles - structure

Back 25

Structure component:

Membrane-bound and non-membrane-bound structures that have unique functions and activities.

Front 26

Inclusions - structure

Back 26

Structure component:

Droplets of melanin, protein, glycogen granules, or lipid; usually non-membrane bound.

Front 27

Nucleus - structure

Back 27

Structure component:

Surrounded by double membrane nuclear envelope (each membrane is a phospholipid bilayer); contains nucleolus and chromatin.

Front 28

Nuclear envelope - structure

Back 28

Structure component:

Double membrane boundary between cytoplasm and nuclear contents.

Front 29

Nuclear pores - structure

Back 29

Structure component:

Openings through nuclear envelope.

Front 30

Nucleolus - structure

Back 30

Spherical, dark-staining, dense granular region in the nucleus.

Front 31

Chromatin and chromosomes - structure

Back 31

Filamentous association of DNA and histone proteins.

Front 32

Plasma (cell) membrane - function

Back 32

Component Function:

contains receptors for communication;

forms intercellular connections;

acts as physical barrier to enclose cell contents;

regulates material movement into and out of the cell.

Front 33

Cytoplasm - fuction

Back 33

Component Function:

Place of many metabolic processes of the cell;

stores nutrients and dissolved solutes.

Front 34

Cytosol - function

Back 34

Component Function:

Provides support for organelles;

serves as viscous medium through which diffusion occurs

Front 35

Organelles - function

Back 35

Component Function:

Carry out specific metabolic activities of the cell

Front 36

Inclusions - function

Back 36

Component Function:

Store materials

Front 37

Nucleus - function

Back 37

Component Function:

Acts as cell control center;

controls all genetic information (DNA);

site of ribosome subunit assembly

Front 38

Nuclear envelope - function

Back 38

Component Function:

Pores in envelope regulate exchange of materials with they cytoplasm

Front 39

Nuclear powers - function

Back 39

Component Function:

Allow for passage of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm.

Front 40

Nucleolus - function

Back 40

Component Function:

Synthesizes rRNA and assembles ribosomes in the nucleus.

Front 41

Chromatin and chromosomes - function

Back 41

Component Function:

Site of genes in the DNA

Front 42

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

(Smooth ER) - structure

Back 42

Structure component:

Interconnected network of membrane tubules and vesicles; no ribosomes.

Front 43

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

(Rough ER) - structure

Back 43

Structure component:

Flattened intracellular network of membrane sacs called cisternae; ribosomes attached on cytoplasmic suraces

Front 44

Golgi apparatus - structure

Back 44

Structure component:

Stacked series of flattened, smooth membrane sacs with associated transport vesicles (also called shuttle vesicles)

Front 45

Lysosomes - structure

Back 45

Structure component:

Membranes sacs with digestive enzymes

Front 46

Peroxisomes - structure

Back 46

Structure component:

Membrane-enclosed sacs; usually contain large amounts of specific enzymes to break down harmful substances.

Front 47

Mitochondria - structure

Back 47

Structure component:

Double membrane structures with cristae; fluid matrix contents at center

Front 48

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

(Smooth ER) - function

Back 48

Component Function:

Synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates; detoxifies drugs, alcohol

Front 49

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

(Rough ER) - function

Back 49

Component Function:

Synthesizes proteins for secretion, new proteins for the plasma membrane, and lysosomal enzymes; transports and stores molecules

Front 50

Golgi apparatus - function

Back 50

Component Function:

Modifies, packages, and sorts newly synthesized proteins for secretion, inclusion in new plasma membrane, or lysosomal enzyme synthesis

Front 51

Lysosomes - function

Back 51

Component Function:

Digest materials or microbes ingested by the cell; remove old/damaged organelles; self-destruct (autolyze)

Front 52

Peroxisomes - function

Back 52

Component Function:

Convert hydrogen peroxide formed during metabolism to water

Front 53

Mitochondria - function

Back 53

Component Function:

Synthesize most ATP during cellular respiration; "powerhouses of cell"

Front 54

Ribosomes - structure

Back 54

Structure component:

Dense cytoplasmic granules with two subunits (large and small); may be free in cytoplasm (free ribosomes) or bound to rough ER (fixed ribosomes)

Front 55

Cytoskeleton - structure

Back 55

Structure component:

Organized network of protein filaments or hollow tubules throughout the cell.

Front 56

Microfilaments - structure

Back 56

Structure component:

Actin protein monomers formed into filaments

Front 57

Intermediate filaments - structure

Back 57

Structure component:

Various protein components

Front 58

Microtubules - structure

Back 58

Structure component:

Hollow cylinders of tubulin protein; able to lengthen and shorten.

Front 59

Centrosome - structure

Back 59

Structure component:

Amorphous region adjacent to nucleus; contains a pair of centrioles.

Front 60

Centrioles - structure

Back 60

Structure component:

Paired perpendicular cylindrical bodies; composed of microtubule triplets

Front 61

Cilia - structure

Back 61

Structure component:

Short, membrane-attached projections containing microtubules; occur in large numbers on exposed membrane surfaces

Front 62

Flagellum - structure

Back 62

Structure component:

Long, singular membrane extension containing microtubules

Front 63

Microvilli - structure

Back 63

Structure component:

Numerous thin membrane folds projecting from the free cell surface.

Front 64

Ribosomes - function

Back 64

Component Function:

Synthesize proteins for:

1. use in the cell (free ribosomes),

2. secretion, incorporation into plasma membrane, or lysosomes (fixed ribosomes)

Front 65

Cytoskeleton - function

Back 65

Component Function:

Provide structural support; facilitates cytoplasmic streaming, organelle and cellular motility, transport of materials, and chromosomal movement and cell division.

Front 66

Microfilaments - function

Back 66

Component Function:

Maintain cell shape; aid in muscle contraction and intracellular movement; separate dividing cells.

Front 67

Intermediate filaments - function

Back 67

Component Function:

Provide structural support; stabilize cell junctions

Front 68

Microtubules - function

Back 68

Component Function:

Support cell; hold organelles in place; maintain cell shape and rigidity; direct organelle movement within cell and cell motility as cilia and flagella; move chromosomes at cell division.

Front 69

Centrosome - function

Back 69

Component Function:

Organizes microtubules; participates in spindle formation during cell division

Front 70

Centrioles - function

Back 70

Component Function:

Organize microtubules during cell division for movement of chromosomes.

Front 71

Cilia - function

Back 71

Component Function:

Move fluid, mucus, and materials over the cell surface

Front 72

Flagellum - function

Back 72

Component Function:

Propels sperm cels in human male

Front 73

Microvilli - function

Back 73

Component Function:

Increase membrane surface area for increased absorption and/or secretion.