Cell Biology Ch.8,11,12,15

Front 1

The nuclear membranes and the membranes of the ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysomes

Back 1

endomembrane system

Front 2

protein synthesis

Back 2

Cytosol

Front 3

DNA and RNA synthesis

Back 3

Nucleus

Front 4

Synthesis of most lipids

Back 4

ER

Front 5

Intracellular degradation

Back 5

Lysosomes

Front 6

ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation

Back 6

Mitochondria

Front 7

Movement of proteins into and out of the nucleus

Back 7

Gated transport

Front 8

Protein transported from the cytosol into the ER, the mitochondria, the chloroplast and the peroxisome

Back 8

Transmembrane transport

Front 9

Movement of proteins from the ER into the Golgi,lysosome, and the plasma membrane.

Back 9

Vesicular transport

Front 10

The absence of a sorting signal results in?

Back 10

cytosolic localization

Front 11

Fibrous layer on the inner surface of the inner nuclear membrane made up of a network of intermediate filaments

Back 11

Nuclear lamina

Front 12

Double membrane surrounding the nucleus. Consists of outer and inner membranes perforated by nuclear pores.

Back 12

Nuclear envelope

Front 13

Channel through the nuclear envelope that allows selected molecules to move between Nucleus and cytoplasm

Back 13

Nuclear pore

Front 14

small membrane-bounded organelle with a cage of proteins (the coat) on its cytosolic surface. It is formed by the pinching off of a coated region of membrane

Back 14

Coated vesicle

Front 15

Is a protein which plays a major role in the formation of coated vesicles.

Back 15

clathrin

Front 16

One or two short sequences containing several positive charged Lys or Arg (lysines or arginines)

Back 16

Nuclear localization signal (NLS)

Front 17

These cytosolic proteins bind to the nuclear localized signal and help direct the new protein to the pore by interacting with the nuclear pore fibrils.

Back 17

Nuclear Transport Receptors (NTR)

Front 18

These proteins inside the organelles help to pull the protein across the two membranes of mito., chloro, perioxisome, and to REFOLD the protein once it is inside.

Back 18

Chaperone proteins

Front 19

Phospholipids are transported individually to mito and chloroplasts by?

Back 19

water-soluble lipid carrying proteins

Front 20

a segment of eight or more hydrophobic amino acids that are also involved in the process of translocation across the membrane

Back 20

ER signal sequence or ER targeting sequence

Front 21

ribosomes that are attached to the cytosolic side of the ER membrane (and outer nuclear membrane) and are making proteins that are being translocated in the ER.

Back 21

Membrane-bound ribosomes

Front 22

ribosomes unattached to any membrane and are making all of the other proteins encoded by the nuclear DNA.

Back 22

Free ribosome

Front 23

mRNA molecule with many ribosomes bound to it

Back 23

polyribosome

Front 24

What two components guide the ER signal sequence to the ER membrane?

Back 24

signal-recognition particle (SRP) and SRP receptor

Front 25

Membrane vesicles that carry proteins from one intracellular comp. to another.

Back 25

transport vesicle

Front 26

formed by the coming together of the translocation channels from both the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane

Back 26

contact site

Front 27

recognizes the 5' capped end of the mRNA and starts scanning the molecule for AUG

Back 27

Initiation complex

Front 28

mechanism that is used when the proteins are said to be targeted to their correct subcellular destination

Back 28

"post-translational

Front 29

A discrete structure in eukaryotic cells that is specialized to carry out a particular function.

Back 29

Organelle

Front 30

Proteins recognized by the NPC contain a signal sequence called?

Back 30

Nuclear localization signal (NLS)

Front 31

Proteins that are transported into and out of nucleus are completely

Back 31

FOLDED

Front 32

Proteins that are exported have a targeting signal called?

Back 32

Nuclear export signal (N.E.S)

Front 33

Channels are referred to as --------- a specific stimulus triggers a switch between an open and closed

Back 33

gated

Front 34

"Selectivity filter"

Back 34

Ion channels

Front 35

Types of gating stimuli: Probability of opening is controlled by membrane potential

Back 35

Voltage-gating

Front 36

when ion channel is going from closed to open

Back 36

gating

Front 37

Types of gating stimuli: Chemical ligand binding controls channel opening

Back 37

Ligand-gated

Front 38

Type of gating; Mechanical forces placed on the channel controls opening

Back 38

Stress-gated

Front 39

specialized protein domain that is sensitive to changes in membrane potential

Back 39

voltage sensor

Front 40

RANDOMLY switch between an open and a closed state.

Back 40

K+ leak channels

Front 41

Protein embedded in a membrane that serves as a carrier of ions or small molecules from one side to the other.

Back 41

Membrane transport protein

Front 42

The rate at which a molecule can actively diffuse through a synthetic lipid bilayer depends on size of the molecule and its solubility properties. TRUE or FALSE

Back 42

FALSE: passively diffuse

Front 43

Passage of material based on size and charge

Back 43

Channel proteins

Front 44

spontaneous movement, down a gradient, NO energy

Back 44

Passive transport

Front 45

Nonspontaneous movement- requires energy

Back 45

Active transport

Front 46

CO2, ethanol, O2, and fat soluble molecules move down is conc. gradient by

Back 46

Simple Diffusion

Front 47

example; The passive transport of glucose acoss the plasma membrane is an example of what?

Back 47

Change in carrier protein conformation

Front 48

Glucose binding is required to trigger the change in conformation in carrier protein? T/F

Back 48

False: Glucose binding is NOT required

Front 49

When glucose is going from outside of the cell to the inside of the cell it is going AGAINST its conc. grad.? T/F

Back 49

False: Glucose when going from outside to inside is going DOWN its conc. grad.

Front 50

Direction of transport of carrier protein is dictated by the conc. gradient of the solute.? T/F

Back 50

TRUE

Front 51

The outside of the plasma membrane is negative and the cytoplasmic side is positive. T/F

Back 51

False; the cytoplasmic side is negative and the outside is relatively POSITIVE

Front 52

The conc. grad. and the voltage across the membrane (membrane potential) is referred to as?

Back 52

Electrochemical gradient.

Front 53

Driving force that causes an ion to move across a membrane. Caused by differences in ion conc. and in electrical charge on either side of the membrane.

Back 53

Electrochemical gradient

Front 54

Membrane transport process in which the transfer of one molecule depends on the simultaneous or sequential transfer of a second molecule

Back 54

Coupled transport

Front 55

Na+ out of the cell (30% of energy) and K+ going in the cell. both against the gradient.

Back 55

Na+-K+ pump: ATP-driven pump

Front 56

In the Glucose-Na+ symporter Na+ moves down the conc. grad and Glucose moves against its gradient? T/F

Back 56

True

Front 57

In the apical membrane the Sodium-Potassium pump is going and in the basal membrane there is the Na+-glucose symporter. T/F

Back 57

False: the Sodium-Potassium pump is on the basal membrane and the Na+-glucose symporter is on the apical membrane.

Front 58

must be exerted on the low solute conc. side of a semipermeable membrane to prevent the flow of water across the membrane

Back 58

Osmotic pressure

Front 59

Water will move from an area of low solute (high water) conc. to an area of high solute (low water) conc. T/F

Back 59

True

Front 60

Ca2+ is one directional going form lumen of SR to cytosol. T/F

Back 60

False From cytosol to lumen of SR

Front 61

Specialized to recognize particular oligosaccharide side chains and bind them.

Back 61

Lectins