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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Semiconservative replication |
Both resulting strands contain a new strand and an original template strand |
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Molecular forces holding DNA together |
Backbone = covalent bonds Two strands = hydrogen bonds |
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Steps from DNA to protein |
Transcription Translation |
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non encoding RNA |
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Translational RNA (tRNA) Various Non-coding RNAs |
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RNA interactions and folding |
RNA to self (tRNA) RNA to protein (rRNA) Catalytic activity (microRNA) |
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Protein structural levels |
primary (AA sequence) secondary (B and a folds) Tertiary (3D) Quaternary (multiple domain incorporation) |
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What came first, the DNA/RNA or the protein? |
Both depend on each other |
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Membrane constituents |
Phospholipids Proteins Carbohydrates Cholesterol |
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Minimum number of genes essential for living |
400 genes |
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Organotrophs |
Consume carbon for energy |
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Phototrophs |
Create carbon sources from light |
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Lithotrophs |
Use inorganic materials to create carbon sources |
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Three domains of life |
Bacteria Archaea Eukaryotes |
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Bacterial genetic innovation (4) |
Intragenic mutation Gene Duplication DNA segment shuffling Horizontal or lateral transfer |
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Orthologous genes |
Ancestral organism gives rise to two different species |
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Paralogous genes |
Different genes in same species among different organisms |
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Conserved genetic families |
Translation Transcription Replication, Combination, Repair Cell processes and signalling Cell cycle control, mitosis, meiosis Defense mechanisms Signal transduction Cell wall/membrane biogensis Intracellular trafficking and secretion Post-translational modification, protein turnover, chaperones |
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Bacterial transcription techniques |
Origin of replication Transcription goes both ways along DNA loop Terminus of replication for both strands |
