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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biology |
the scientific study of life
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Characteristics of Life |
.order .evolutionary .response to the environment .reproduction .growth and development .energy processing .regulation |
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Evolution |
change through time |
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Biosphere |
land, water, and atmosphere occupied by living organisms |
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Ecosystems |
All living organisms and the environment in which they naturally occur |
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Communities |
Entire array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem |
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Populations |
All individuals of a single species in a particular area |
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Organisms |
Individual living thing |
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Organ Systems |
Organs that cooperate in a specific function |
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Tissues |
Group of cells of a similar structure that performs a particular function |
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Cells |
Life's fundamental unit of structure and function consisting of protoplasm bound by a membrane and containing one or more nuclei |
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Organelles |
Any functional component of a cell |
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Molecules |
Chemical structure consisting of two or more atoms |
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System |
Combination of components that function together |
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Systems Biology |
Constructs models for the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems asks questions such as: How does a drug for blood pressure affect other organs? How does increasing CO2 affect the biosphere? |
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Reductionism |
reduction of complex systems to simple components that are more manageable to study-must balance reductionism with the study of emergent properties in systems biology |
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Ecosystem dynamics |
.cycling of nutrients .energy flow .energy conversions |
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Characteristics of a cell |
.they are enclosed by a membrane .they use DNA as their genetic information .they divide |
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Characteristics of a eukaryotic cell |
.membrane enclosed organelles .have a nucleus .larger .more complex |
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Characteristics of a prokaryotic cell |
.does not contain membrane enclosed organelles .no nucleus .smaller .simpler |
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Eukaryotic cell examples |
.Plants .Animals .Fungi |
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Prokaryotic cell examples |
.Bacteria .Archaea |
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Genes |
units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring |
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Haploid |
Half genetic material Only two types-egg and sperm Come together to create a diploid |
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Nucleotides |
A,C,T,G on DNA |
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Feedback mechanisms |
Allow biological processes to self regulate |
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Negative Feedback |
inhibits more common ex. sweating |
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Positive Feedback |
stimulates less common leads to explosive reactions ex. birth |
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How many species are identified and named to date? |
1.8 million -->Thousands more are identified each year |
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How many species are estimated to actually exist? |
10-100 million |
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Taxonomy |
Branch of biology that names and classifies species into hierarchical groups |
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Order of classification (smallest-->largest) |
Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain |
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Three Domain System |
Domain Archaea-(prokaryotes) Domain Bacteria-(prokaryotes) Domain Eukarya-(eukaryotic organisms) |
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Domain Eukarya's Three Multicellular Systems |
1.Plantae 2.Fungi 3.Animalia |
