Cell Biology

Front 1

What is mitosis?

Back 1

Mitosis is the division of the nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei.

Front 2

How do particles move across cell membranes?

Back 2

Particles move across membranes through simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. Why a

Front 3

Why are cell membranes fluid?

Back 3

The fluidity of the membranes allows materials to be taken into the cells by endocytosis or released by exocytosis.

Front 4

How are bilayers formed?

Back 4

Phospholipids form bilayers in water due to the amphipathic properties of the molecule.

Front 5

What is the fluid mosaic model?

Back 5

The current model of membrane structure. It includes a phospholipid bilayer in which proteins are embedded or attached to the surface.

Front 6

What is a phospholipid?

Back 6

Phospholipids are made up of a polar, hydrophilic area containing a phosphate group bonded to glycerol and a non-polar, lipophilic area containing fatty acids.

Front 7

Integral v. Peripheral proteins

Back 7

Integral proteins are embedded in the bilayer while peripheral proteins are attached to the surface.

Front 8

Cholesterol

Back 8

Often present in mammal cells and commonly found in the plasma membrane. One end of the cholesterol molecule associated with the polar heads of phospholipids while other parts are imbedded in the membrane next to the non-polar fatty acid chain. This interaction makes the membrane less fluid and more rigid and less permeable to water-soluble molecules.

Front 9

Define simple diffusion.

Back 9

Diffusion a passive process which takes places as molecules move randomly. No energy is required and movement occurs over a simple concentration gradient.

Front 10

Define facilitated diffusion.

Back 10

A carrier protein first combines with the diffusing molecules on one side of the membrane, carries them through a the channel protein and then releases them on the other side.

Front 11

Define facilitated diffusion.

Back 11

A carrier protein first combines with the diffusing molecules on one side of the membrane, carries them through a the channel protein and then releases them on the other side.

Front 12

Define osmosis.

Back 12

Osmosis is the diffusion (passive movement) of water across a semi-permeable membrane due to a concentration gradient.

Front 13

Define active transport.

Back 13

The transport of a substance across a membrane against the concentration gradient, involving a carrier protein and energy.

Front 14

Describe cycling.

Back 14

Cyclins are compounds that are involved in the control of the cell cycle through their interaction with CDKs to form enzymes that direct cells through the cell cycle and control specific events.

Front 15

Describe cell theory.

Back 15

1. All organisms are composed of cells.

2. Cells are the smallest units of life.

3. Cells can only come from pre-existing cells.

Front 16

What is the equation for magnification?

Back 16

Back (Definition)

Front 17

Surface area to volume ratio.

Back 17

The volume of a cell determines the rate of metabolic activity that takes place within it while surface area determines the rate of exchange materials with the outside environment.

Front 18

The structures of a prokaryotic cell.

Back 18

Back (Definition)

Front 19

Difference b/w plant and animal cells.

Back 19

Back (Definition)

Front 20

Prokaryote v. Eukaryote

Back 20

Back (Definition)