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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where are ribosomes synthesized?
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nucleolus
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What are ribosomes composed of?
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protein and rRNA
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Which proteins do free ribosomes make?
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proteins destined for the cytoplasm
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Which proteins do bound ribosomes make?
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proteins destined for insertion into plasma membranes or secretion outside of the cell
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What is the smooth ER in charge of?
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lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and poisons
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What is the rough ER in charge of?
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protein synthesis
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What is the Golgi bodies primary obligation?
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modification and sorting center for proteins
-here glycosylation can take place-sugars are added |
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Peroxisome
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-contain oxidative enzymes that catalyze reactions were hydrogen peroxide is produced and degraded
-break down fats and alcohol |
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T/F
Pancreatic cells have a large number of ribosomes. |
T
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Where are ribosomes synthesized?
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nucleolus
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What are ribosomes composed of?
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protein and rRNA
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Which proteins do free ribosomes make?
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proteins destined for the cytoplasm
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Which proteins do bound ribosomes make?
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proteins destined for insertion into plasma membranes or secretion outside of the cell
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What is the smooth ER in charge of?
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lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and poisons
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What is the rough ER in charge of?
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protein synthesis
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What is the Golgi bodies primary obligation?
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modification and sorting center for proteins
-here glycosylation can take place-sugars are added |
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Peroxisome
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-contain oxidative enzymes that catalyze reactions were hydrogen peroxide is produced and degraded
-break down fats and alcohol |
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T/F
Pancreatic cells have a large number of ribosomes. |
T
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What are the primary functions of the cytoskeleton?
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-maintains cell framework
-aids in cell movement and organelle movement |
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What three types of protein filaments make up the cytoskeleton?
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microfilaments
intermediate filaments microtubules |
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What are microfilaments made of?
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intertwined strands of actin
(they can also contain mysosin if involved with muscle contraction) |
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What are microtubules made of?
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hollow rods composed of tubulin
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What are microtubules in charge of?
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movement of organelles and chromosomes, maintenence of cell shape and motility
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T/F
Centrioles are only found in animal cells? |
T
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What do centrioles do?
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they are microtubule organizing centers during that anchor microtubues during mitosis
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The "9+2 pattern" for microtubules is found in which structures?
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cilia and flagella
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What lines the respiratory tract to move mucous up to the mouth for expulsion?
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cilia
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How do cilia move?
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whip-like fashion
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How do flagella move?
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wave-like fashion
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Tight juctions
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form an impermeable barrier between cell membranes
(tight juctions between intestines and blood stream) |
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How are epithelial cells attatched to skin?
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by desmosomes
(a type of anchoring junction) |
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What proteins form gap junctions?
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connexins
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What do gap juctions provide?
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connections between the cytoplasms between cells
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In the heart, what do ions pass through to allow rhythmic, coordinated contractions of the heart muscle?
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gap junctions
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Magnification
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increase in apparent size of an object
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Resolution
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differentiation of two closely situated objects
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What does the diaphragm of a light microscope do?
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controls the amount of light passing through the specimen
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Why does the dye hematoxylin reveal the distribution of DNA and RNA?
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because of its affinity for negatively charged objects
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Phase contrast microscope
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uses differences in refractive index to produce contrast between cellular structures
(this method does not kill specimen) |
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Electron microscope
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uses beam of electrons to allow a thousandfold higher magnification than is possible with light microscopy
(oftentimes specimen are stained with solutions of heavy metal) |
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Autoradiography
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uses radioactive molecules to trace and identify cell structures and biochemical activity
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Are bacteria and cyanobacteria both prokaryotes?
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yes
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Do bacteria contain a cell wall or a cell membrane?
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both
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Are centrioles found in animal or plant cells?
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animal cells
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Which is bigger a vacuole or a vessicle?
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vacuole
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What type of enzymes do lysosomes contain?
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hydrolytic enzymes
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Autolysis
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self-killing with hydrolytic enzymes
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Microbodies
-And name two types of them? |
-membrane-bound organelles specialized as containers for metabolic reactions
-peroxisomes and glyoxysomes |
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Peroxisomes
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contain oxidative enzymes that catalyze a class of reactions in which hydrogen peroxide is produced by the transfer of hydrogen from a substrate to oxygen
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What type of microbody is used by the liver to detoxify compounds harmful to the body?
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peroxisomes
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What does a seedling use to convert fats into sugars until it is mature enough to produce its own supply of sugars by photosynthesis?
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glyoxysomes
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What does the outer membrane of the mitochondria do?
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smooth acting as a sieve allowing molecules through on the basis of size
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What do you call the area between the inner an douter membranes of the mitochondria?
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intermembrane space
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Describe the inner membrane of the mitochondria?
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-has many convolutions called cristae
-high protein content that includes the proteins of the electron transport chain |
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What do you call the area bounded by the inner mitochondrial membrane?
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mitochondrial matrix (the place where a lot of cellular respiration takes place)
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What type of replication do mitochondria undergo?
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binary fission
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