Cell Bio Unit 3

Front 1

Gametes

Back 1

Sex cells, haploid

Front 2

Somatic cells

Back 2

Body cells, diploid

Front 3

Polygenic

Back 3

Many genes determine one trait

Front 4

Pleiotropic

Back 4

One gene determines many traits

Front 5

Mendelian traits

Back 5

1 gene determines 1 trait

Front 6

Gene

Back 6

Section of DNA that contains genetic info

Front 7

Alleles

Back 7

Genes that determine traits (the letters)

Front 8

Polyploid

Back 8

More than 2 sets of chromosomes

Front 9

Phenotype

Back 9

Physical trait

Front 10

Genotype

Back 10

Pair of allele type

Front 11

Sex linked inheritance

Back 11

Genes that are carried by either sex chromosome

Front 12

Monohybrid

Back 12

One trait = one gene Pp x pp

Front 13

Dihybrid

Back 13

Two traits, two genes PpYy x ppyy

Front 14

Test cross

Back 14

Cross unknown with homozygous to determine unknown

Front 15

Parental

Back 15

P

Front 16

F1

Back 16

First children

Front 17

Independent assortment

Back 17

Yellow vs green does not affect round vs wrinkled

Front 18

Segregation

Back 18

Everything is coin flip, random. Each organism has two genes for each trait

Front 19

Incomplete dominance

Back 19

Dominant allele is not completely expressed. White flower crossed with red flower results in pink flower.

Front 20

Codominance

Back 20

Alleles work together, black chicken crossed with white chicken results in black and white speckled chickens

Front 21

Autosomes

Back 21

Chromosomes that are the same in both males and females.

Front 22

Human chromosomes except sex chromosomes

Back 22

Are autosomes. Sex is determined by father because mother only gives one X

Front 23

Karyotype

Back 23

Number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus. Tested with amniocentesis

Front 24

Karyotyping

Back 24

Checking size, shape, number of chromosome under microscope to detect genetic disorders

Front 25

Autosomal dominant

Back 25

One homozygous recessive parent and one heterozygous parent. Child has 50% chance of inheritance

Front 26

Autosomal recessive

Back 26

Only expressed in homozygotes, hetero are carriers. 25% affected

Front 27

Progeria

Back 27

Accelerated aging due to genetic disorder of spontaneous mutations in autosomes

Front 28

X-linked recessive

Back 28

Males get it more cause they dont have a backup X to be healthy

Front 29

Duplication

Back 29

Duplicated segment in DNA

Front 30

Inversion

Back 30

Inverted segment in DNA

Front 31

Translocation

Back 31

Broken chromosomes exchange parts

Front 32

Deletion

Back 32

Loss of segment

Front 33

Aneuploidy

Back 33

Too many or too few copies of one chromosome

Front 34

Polyploidy

Back 34

More than two copies of each chromosome

Front 35

Nondisjunction

Back 35

Chromosomes fail to seperate properly during mitosis/meiosis

Front 36

Monosomy

Back 36

Missing gamete

Front 37

Trisomy

Back 37

One too many gametes

Front 38

Pedigree

Back 38

Chart of genetic connections

Front 39

Genetic counseling

Back 39

Parents are tested for probability of having child with disorder

Front 40

Genetic screening

Back 40

Check family members and children for genetic disorders

Front 41

Rh factor

Back 41

If you have the protein on RBC you are poisitive, if not youre negative. Positive is dominant

Front 42

AA and AO

Back 42

A

Front 43

AB

Back 43

AB

Front 44

BO and BB

Back 44

B

Front 45

OO

Back 45

O