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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Can chromosomes leave the nucleus through nuclear pores? |
No- if they need to leave the nucleus the membrane will degrade |
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Where does glycolysis and glycogen synthesis occur? |
In the cytosol |
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Where does fatty acid degradation occur? |
in the peroxisomes |
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What is the monomer of actin filaments? |
actin |
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What is the monomer of microtubules? |
alpha and beta tubulin |
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What is the monomer of intermediate filaments? |
Proteins |
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What is the diameter of actin filaments? |
7nm |
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What is the diameter of microtubules? |
25nm |
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What is the diameter of intermediate filaments? |
10nm |
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What is the structure of actin filaments? |
two stranded helic |
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Which filaments of the cytoskeleton are polarized? |
actin and microtubules |
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What are the associated motor proteins of actin? |
myosin |
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What are the associated motor proteins of microtubules? |
kenesins |
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Functions of actin filaments |
Cell migration Bear forces produced by myosin Supports cellular protrusions such as lamelliopodia and filopodia |
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Functions of microtubules? |
Responsible for organisation of chromosomes in mitosis Allows bidirectional trafficking of cargo Responsible for the structure and motility of cillia and flagella |
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Functions of microtubules |
Forms 2D mesh in nuclear lamina Reinforces axons of neurones Prevent extensive stretch of cells and epithelial tissues |
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What are three examples of cadherins? |
E-cadherin, N-cadherin and P-cadherin |
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Which two types of cell junction is cadherin a component of? |
Adherin junctions and desmosomes |
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Which actin rich structures coordinate the degradation of the ECM for cellular movement? |
Podosomes |
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Three functions of tight junctions? |
Hold cells together, barrier function, maintain polarity of cells |
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What are two cadherin proteins that link adjacent cells in desmosomes? |
desmoglein and desmocolin |
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Function of gap junctions |
Directly connects the cytoplasm of two cells |
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Function of desmosomes? |
Binds keratin filaments and helps tissue resist sheer forces |
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Function of hemidesmosomes? |
junctions that attach cells to the extracellular matrix |
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What are the two types of passive transport across the lipid membrane? |
diffusion and facilitated diffusion |
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What would happen to the resting membrane potential in nerves if the extracellular K+ conc is increased? |
resting potential would decrease |
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Where is action potential propagation fastest? |
Large diameter myelinated axons |
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Is action potential propagation fast in pain axons? |
Yes |
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How is an action potential propagated in a myelinated and unmyelinated neurone? |
Myelinated=saltatory conduction Unmyelinated= wave of depolarisation |
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Function of microglia? |
clearing away cellular debris within the CNS |
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Function of ependymal cells? |
lining the ventricles of the brain help form the choroid plexus |
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Function of schwann cells |
myelinating the PNS |
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Function of Oligodendrocytes |
preventing the regrowth of CNS axons after injury Myelinating the CNS neurones |
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Function of astrocytes? |
Maintaining K+ ion concentration around synapses Preventing the regrowth of CNS axons after injury |
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What are the three meningeal layers? |
Pia mater Arachnoid dura |
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Where is the subarachnoid space? |
Between the pia and arachnoid mater |
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How do steriod hormones convey their signal? |
Interact with a signal molecule that diffuses through the plasma membrane |
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What is a second messenger? |
Small diffusable molecules whose release within a cell is promoted by a hormone and causes a response |
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why must cAMP be broken down quickly in the cell to allow rapid signalling? |
cAMP levels must be kept ow so that when adenyl cyclase is activated there is a significant rise in cAMP which causes a response |
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Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurones? |
the dendrites |
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Which part of the neuron are action potentials found in? |
the axon |
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Where are vesicles containing neurotransmitters contained in the neuron? |
Axon terminals |
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Where does most protein synthesis occur in the neuron? |
Cell body |
