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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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touching something causes a ___-gated sodium channel to open
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stretch
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opening of a stretch-gated sodium channel causes an _____ in the membrane potential
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increase
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increase in membrane potential triggers the opening of ____-gated ____ channels which open quickly and ____-gated ____ channels which open more slowly
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voltage
Na voltage K |
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action potential moves from dentrites down the axon of a neuron to the axon terminal where the are ___-gated ____ channels
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voltage
Ca |
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epinephrine binds to its receptor on a muscle cell. This causes an alteration in the conformation of the receptor. This change allows a _________ to bind to the receptor. When this binding occurs, what two things happen to the bound complex?
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heterotrimeric G-protein
1. GDP on the alpha-subunit of the g-protein is exchanged for GTP 2. the alpha-subunit of the G-protein dissociates from the beta,gamma-subunits |
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after the heterotrimeric G-protein binds to the receptor and the two changes occur, the alpha subunit of the complex can bind the enzyme ________ _____
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adenylyl cyclase
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adenylyl cyclase catalyzes this reaction
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ATP ---> cAMP
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the binding of the alpha subunit ____ the enzyme, so that lots of ___ is made. The activation stops when ___ is hydrolyzed
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activates
cAMP GTP |
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cAMP interacts w/ the enzyme ____ ____ _, causing it to be activated. This enzyme catalyzes the _______ of another ______ on _____ and/or ____ residues
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protein kinase A
phosphorylation kinase ser and/or thr |
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when EGF binds to its receptor on the cell, these two things happen
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1. the receptor self-associates, forming dimers or other multimers
2. becomes an activated tyr kinase, and the EGF receptor becomes phosphorylated on tyr residues in its cytoplasmic portion |
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after EGF has binded to its receptor, proteins that have ____ domains bind to the receptor's ______ residues. one example of such a protein is ______, which catalyzes the reaction: _____ ---> ____ + _____
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SH2
phosphotyrosine PLGgamma PIP2 ---> DAG + IP3 |
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production of PLC's membrane-bound product _____ leads to activation of the enzyme _______, a kinase that acts on ___ and ___ residues of proteins, altering the activity of these proteins.
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DAG
protein kinase C ser and thr |
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The water-soluble PLC product _____ interacts w/ ___-gated ____ channels in the ER membrane, causing the release of ____ into the cytoplasm
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IP3
IP3 Ca++ Ca++ |
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The calcium ion interacts w/ the protein ____ which interacts w/ other proteins found in the ____ of the cell, regulating their activities
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calmodulin
cytoplasm |
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a protein complex that also binds to the activated EGF receptor is ______. This binding results in the activation of a monomeric ___-protein called ____. This protein triggers the activation of a cascade of protein _____s, which eventually result in alteration of _______ of specific ____.
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GRB-SOS
G-protein Ras kinases transcription genes |
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In animal cell ECM, the fiber molecule is called ____. The type that is most common in the basal laminae is type ___. This interacts w/ the network molecule called _______.
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collagen
IV proteoglycan |
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type IV and proteoglycan contain glycosaminoglycans, which are long, branched/unbranched _______ w/ repeating units of two ______; these long polymers are covalently bound to a ____ ___ on ___ residues
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unbranched
polysaccharides two monosaccharides core protein ser |
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heparin, heparan sulfate, kaeratan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate
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glycosaminoglycan names
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Large GAG molecules interact ____ w/ the polysaccharide called _____ _____, making complexes of extremely high molecular weight. both the fiber and network molecules are held together and to cells by linker proteins such as _____ and ______, which bind the cell surface, ______ and _______. The class of cell surface receptors that bind these proteins is called _______.
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noncovalently
hyaluronic acid fibronectin and laminin collagen and glycosaminoglycan integrins |
