Cell Bio Final Exam Vocab

Front 1

Cell Theory

Back 1

All organisms consist of one or more cell.
The cell is the basic structure for all organisms.
All cells arise only from preexisting cells.

Front 2

Nucleus

Back 2

Nerve center of the cell;
Contains genetic material;
Site of DNA replication and RNA synthesis

Front 3

Mitochondria

Back 3

Site of oxidative metabolism;
Generates most of the cellular ATP by catabolizing organic compounds;
Site of pyruvate oxidation, Kreb's cycle, and electron transport

Front 4

Chloroplasts

Back 4

Specialized type of plastid;
Found in green plants and algae;
Site of photosynthesis

Front 5

Lysosome

Back 5

Specialized membrane bound metablolic compartment for digestion of macromolecules

Front 6

Perioxisomes

Back 6

Specialized membrane bound metabolic compartment for digestion of macromolecules

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Vacuole

Back 7

Specialized membrane compartment found in plants

Front 8

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Back 8

Extensive network of intercellular membranes extending throughout cytoplasm from outer layer of nuclear envelope;
Functions to transport proteins synthesized by bound ribosomes;
Site of lipid synthesis

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Rough ER

Back 9

ER containing ribosomes

Front 10

Smooth ER

Back 10

ER that does not contain ribosomes

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Golgi Apparatus

Back 11

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport;
Site of (some) lipid synthesis

Front 12

Cytoskeleton

Back 12

Network of protein filaments extending throughout cytoplasm;
Provides structural framework and movement within the cell and of entire cell or organism

Front 13

Three Types of Cytoskeleton

Back 13

Actin filaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules

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Ribosome

Back 14

Located in the cytoplasm
Site of protein synthesis (translation);
Found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

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Cytoplasm

Back 15

Intracellular contents (solid and liquid) between the nucleus and plasma membrane

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Cytosol

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Fluid portion of the cytoplasm found outside the membrane-bound organelles

Front 17

Centrioles

Back 17

Cylinder shaped structure consisting of nine triplets of microtubules in the centrosomes of most animal cells

Front 18

Centrosome

Back 18

microtubule-organizing center in animal cells

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Nuclear envelope

Back 19

barrier separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm;
consists of a double membrane, nuclear lamina, and nuclear pore complex

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Plasma membrane

Back 20

Phospholipid bilayer with associated proteins that surrounds the cell

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Prebiotic

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Earth before life

Front 22

E.Coli

Back 22

Prokarytoic;
4.6 billion base pairs;
4000 genes;
Easy to grow;
Used in biochem and molecular biology

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Saccharomyces cereisiae (Yeast)

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Unicellular eukaryote;
12 million base pairs
16 linear chromosomes;
6000 genes;
Easy to grow;
Simple modle of eukaryotic organism

Front 24

Dicytostelium discoideum (Slime mold)

Back 24

Two life forms: unicellular ameba and slug up to 100,000;
70 million base pairs
7 linear chromsomes
Model for cell signaling, cell to cell interaction, and cell movement

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Caenohabditis elegans (Nematode)

Back 25

Multicellular eukaryote;
959 somatic cells;
1000-2000 germ cells;
97 million base pairs;
6 linear chromosomes;
19,0000 genes;
Easy to grow;

Front 26

Drosophila melanogaster (Fuit fly)

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Mulitcellular eukaryote
180 billion bas pairs;
4 linear chromosomes;
Easy to grow;
Model for genetics, especially linkage and differentiation and development

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Arabidopsis thaliana (Mustard family)

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Multicellular ekukaryote
125 million base pairs;
5 linear chromosomes;
Easy to grow;
Smallest genome of a flowering plant;
Plant development and flowering

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Xenopus laevis (Toad)

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Multicellular organism;
3 billion base pairs
18 linear chromosomes
Study of development, control, differentiation, and embryonic cell division

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Zebrafish

Back 29

Multicellular eukaryote;
Billion base pairs;
linear chromosomes;
Vertebrate development

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Mouse

Back 30

Multicellular eukarytote
3 billion base pairs
20 linear chromosomes
Mammalian genetics and development

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Homo sapiens (Humans)

Back 31

Multicellular eukaryote;
3 billion base pairs
23 linear chromosomes;
35,000 genes