Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
where are fibroblasts found?
|
in dermis (layer right below skin)
|
|
|
what cell type is involved in creating separation between inside and outside
|
epithelial cells
|
|
|
these calcium binding molecules are involved in disrupting cell-to-cell contacts during creation of a primary culture
|
Ca++ chelators
|
|
|
equation used to determine resolution of a light microscope
|
D=(0.61)λ/(N*sinα)
|
|
|
what does the "D" in the light microscope equation stand for, and do we want to increase or decrease it?
|
D = resolution limit; want to minimize
|
|
|
what does "N" in light microscope equation stand for, and do we want ot increase or decrease it?
|
N = refractive index of medium; want to maximize it
|
|
|
what does α in light microscope equation stand for and do we want to increase or decrease it?
|
α = angular aperature (size of cone of light); want to maximize
|
|
|
what three things can we do to optimize D?
|
1. decrease wavelength
2. increase N 3. increase α |
|
|
what secondary antibody fluoresces blue to green?
|
fluorescein
|
|
|
what secondary antibody fluoresces green to red?
|
rhodamin
|
|
|
what secondary antibody fluoresces UV to blue?
|
DAPI
|
|
|
what is DAPI used for?
|
to find the nucleus; it interpolates between DNA bases
|
|
|
what is the phenomenon of overlapping fluorescent markers (used to measure spatial proximity of two molecules)?
|
Fluoresence Resonance Energy Transfer
|
|
|
what is the type of microscopy that involves fancy optics to look at thick specimens?
|
confocal microscopy
|
|
|
what is the type of microscopy that involves using a computer algorithm to view thick specimens?
|
deconvolution microscopy
|
|
|
what is the process of viewing an untreated sample with an electron microscope?
|
cryo-EM
|
|
|
what is the genetic tool used to selectively inactivate a gene or protein of interest?
|
Cre/loxP (cre enzyme and loxP recognition sites)
|
|
|
what is the innate cellular defense mechanism that is exploited by cell biologists to knockdown genes?
|
RNA-interference
|
|
|
what is the detergent involved in gel analysis and what does it do?
|
SDS = sodium dodecylsulfate; this unfolds proteins and binds negative charges to them proportional to their length
|
|
|
name and describe the system used to trace the path of a particular protein through a cellular process
|
pulse-chase system; grow cells in supply of radioactively labeled precursor molecules for short period of time (pulse) then replace with unlabeled supply (chase); imaging cells at different times after this can help trace molecules/proteins through cell
|
|
|
what are nuclear lamins?
|
a type of intermediate filament (type V) found in all cells; line nuclear membrane
|
|
|
what are the intermediate filaments found in epithelial cells called?
|
cytokeratins
|
|
|
what are the intermediate filaments found in neurons called?
|
neurofilaments
|
|
|
what are the intermediate filaments found in muscle cells called?
|
desmin
|
|
|
what are the intermediate filaments found in fibroblasts called
|
vimentin
|
|
|
what is the contractile ring made of?
|
actin
|
|
|
what is the name of the protein fragment used to visualize polarity of actin filaments?
|
myosin II - s1
|
|
|
2 functions of the ARP 2/3 protein
|
1. nucleates actin filaments from the - end
2. binds to second filament at 70° angle; used in growth of branched networks |
|
|
what does thymosin do?
|
binds free actin subunits
|
|
|
what does profilin do?
|
binds free actin subunits
|
|
|
what family of myosin is - end directed?
|
myosin VI
|
|
|
what is the contractile unit of muscle called?
|
sarcomere
|
|
|
name of boundary between sarcomeres
|
z-line
|
|
|
+ end binding protein on actin
|
cap-Z
|
|
|
actin binding protein that crosslinks actin filaments into parallel arrays
|
α-actinin
|
|
|
binds to - ends of already-stabilized actin filaments
|
tropomodulin
|
|
|
storage for Ca++
|
sarcoplasmic reticulum
|
|
|
binds along sides of actin filaments and prevents interactions with other proteins
|
tropomyocin
|
|
|
calcium binding protein that serves as switch for muscle contraction; name of protein and of subunit
|
protein = troponin complex
subunit = TnC |
|
|
leading edge
|
lamellipodia
|
|
|
what forms lamellipodia?
|
branched network of actin
|
|
|
what are the proteins found at the contact points between lamellipodia and the cell substrate?
|
integrins
|
|
|
microspikes
|
filopodia
|
|
|
what forms filopodia?
|
actin organized into parallel arrays
|
|
|
two proteins that help with crosslinking of actin to form filopodia
|
villin and fimbrin
|
|
|
stress fibers used to attach to substrate
|
contractile bundles
|
|
|
actin structure characterized by flexible stabilization of junctures between actin filaments
|
gel
|
|
|
protein that stabilizes junctures of actin gel
|
filamin
|
|
|
nucleates microtubules from - end
|
γ-TuRC
|
|
|
protenacious material found at MTOC
|
peri-centriole matter
|
|
|
structure found at base of flagella and cilia
|
basal body
|
|
|
bind along sides of microtubules, stabilizing against disassembly and mediating interactions; suppress catastrophes
|
MAPs
|
|
|
catastrophins are also known as?
|
Kin-M motors
|
|
|
bind at + end of microtubules
|
+TiPS
|
|
|
what do +TiPS do?
|
stabilize; can slow growth or shrinkage, inhibit catastrophes or promote rescues
|
|
|
cleavage of Tyr found at C-terminus of tubulin, leaving Glu
|
detyrosination; correlates with age
|
|
|
severing protein for mts
|
katanin
|
|
|
mt associated motor protein; responsible for movement of axoneme doublet mts and transport toward - end of cytoplasmic microtubules
|
dynein
|
|
|
microtubule associated motor protein that has various versions depending on where motor sequence is found in protein
|
kinesin
|
|
|
motors responsible for + end transport in microtubules
|
Kin-N
|
|
|
Rho protein family does what?
|
group of monomeric GTPases involved in transmittance of external signals for nucleation of actin filaments
|
|
|
most actin is found where in cell?
|
near periphery of cell; near cell membrane
|
|
|
protein that binds to ARP complex, causing increase in nucleation
|
WASp protein
|
|
|
Ca2+ dependent binding protein that cuts up actin filaments
|
gelsolin
|
|
|
drug that stabilizes actin filament by binding multiple subunits along length of formed filament
|
phalloidin
|
|
|
drug that stabilize microtubule by binding along length of formed filament
|
taxol
|
|
|
drug that binds free actin subunits
|
latrunculin
|
|
|
two drugs that bind free microtubule subunits
|
nocodazole and colchicine
|
|
|
+ end capping drug that may be involved in destabilization of actin filaments
|
cytochalasin
|
|
|
two proteins involved in forming actin gels
|
spectrin and filamin
|
|
|
protein that helps with crosslinking in microvilli
|
villin
|
