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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the Structure of Mitochondria |
-Range from 1-4 micrometers in length -Can vary in shape based on cell-type -Inner & outer membrane -inner folds: Cristae -Ribosomes -DNA -Matrix in intermembrane space, contains many water-soluble proteins, with role in cell-suicide |
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Function of Mitochondria |
-ATP production -Regulation of Cell Death -Synthesis of some amino acids and heme groups -Vital role in uptake and release of Ca2+ ions, regulating Ca2+ concentration in the cytosol |
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Properties of different membranes in Mitochondria |
Inner Membrane: highly impermeable (special membrane transporters are required for transport of ions and molecules), subdivided into inner boundary membrane and cristae, rich in cardiolipins Outer Membrane: permeable when porin channels are wide open, |
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Evidence of Endosymbiosis for Mitochondria |
-Inner membrane is rich in Cardiolipins (a characteristic of bacterial membranes) -Outer membrane contains Porins (integral proteins with a large channel- also seen in bacterial outer membranes -Contains own DNA, makes some of its own proteins -Can fuse and split to change number of mitochondria -Size (from 1-4 micrometers in length) |
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Where does Glycolysis occur? (For Prok's and Euk's) |
Both Prok's and Euk's: In the cytosol! |
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Where does the Kreb's Cycle occur? (For Prok's and Euk's) |
Euk's: In the Mitochondria Prok's: In the Cytosol |
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Where does the electron transport chain occur? (In Prok's and Euk's) |
Euk's: In the inner mitochondrial membrane of mitochondria Prok's: In the cell membrane |
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What is fermentation? |
-An anaerobic cellular process -An organic molecule is the final electron acceptor -An acid or an alcohol is formed -Allows Glycolysis to continue by oxidizing NADH into NAD+ |
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What types of cells in our bodies might be likely to utilize fermentation? |
Fast-twitch muscle fibers! |
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What are some advantages/disadvantages for an organism using anaerobic vs aerobic metabolism? |
Advantages aerobic: Produces more ATP, Burns more fat (for Americans and fat cats), Allows for sustained periods of exercise Disadvantages aerobic: Takes longer, Requires O2 Advantages anaerobic: Faster occuring, doesn't require O2, fuels quick bursts of exercise Disadvantages anaerobic: Builds up lactic acid (reducing pH in muscle tissue and causing pain), doesn't produce as much ATP |
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What is a redox Reaction? |
A reaction where electrons are added to or taken from a molecule |
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What is the Overall Reaction for Cellular Respiration? |
Glucose --> Pyruvate --> NADH &FADH2 ---> Final Electron Acceptor |
