Cell Bio

Front 1

Pericentriolar Matrix

Back 1

Surrounds centrioles

Contains: gamma tubulin and augmin

Front 2

GTP-beta-tubulin Cap

Back 2

Cap at the + end of microtubules made of beta subunits in GTP form

Front 3

Lateral cohesion

Back 3

When beta subunits stick together in GTP form to make a cap

Front 4

Tau

Back 4

has a short projection domain

Front 5

MAP2

Back 5

Long projection domain

Front 6

EB1

Back 6

+TIP

reduces catastrophe

makes the + end stable for growth

Front 7

Colchicine

Back 7

Depolymerizes Microtubules

Front 8

Taxol

Back 8

Stabilizes Microtubules

Used as an anti-cancer drug

Front 9

Kinesin 13

Back 9

Uses ATP to remove terminal dimers

Front 10

Stathmin

Back 10

Binds to tubulin dimer

Promotes GTP hydrolysis

Inactivated by phosphorylation

Front 11

Dynactin heterocomplex

Back 11

Binds Dynein to cargo

Regulates movement

Front 12

Nexin

Back 12

Holds doublets in an axoneme in place

Front 13

Radial Spokehead

Back 13

Holds doublets in axoneme towards outside of this the axoneme

Front 14

Kinesin-2

Back 14

Moves stuff to the + end of cilia or flagella

Front 15

Cytoplasmic dynein

Back 15

moves stuff to the - end of the flagella/cilia

Front 16

Xmap215

Back 16

Stabilizing protein tha tprevents kinesin 13 from depolymerizing the microtubules

it is inactivated by phosphorylation in mitosis

Front 17

Ndc80

Back 17

Holds and stabilizes microtubules for a bit, if another microtubule doesn't bind to the other side of the kinetochore, it will be phosphorylated and inactivated

Phosphorylation is inhibited by tension

Front 18

Kinesin 5

Back 18

Slides two Microtubules apart in Anaphase B

Front 19

Anaphase A

Back 19

Requires MT shortening, Moving chromosomes closer to the poles, facilitated by motor proteins

Front 20

Anaphase B

Back 20

Moving poles apart using motor proteins only

Front 21

Pointed end

Back 21

the - end of the actin filament

Front 22

Barbed end

Back 22

the + end of the actin filament

Front 23

Actin + end Cc

Back 23

0.12

Front 24

Actin - end Cc

Back 24

0.60

Front 25

Thymosin

Back 25

Sequesters actin in the cell

Front 26

Profilin

Back 26

promotes polymerization of actin by changing G-ADP into G-ATP

;

Front 27

Cofilin

Back 27

Enhances the depolymerization of actin by taking monomers off the - end

Front 28

Cytochalasin

Back 28

Drug that depolymerizes actin

Front 29

Phalloidin

Back 29

Drug that stabilizes actin

Front 30

Formin

Back 30

Helps the assembly of actin

sits on the + end and regulates how fast polymerization occurs

Front 31

Rho GTP

Back 31

Regulates Formin, when it hydrolysis GTP it activates formin

Makes actin (stress fibers) in migratory cells

Front 32

Arp 2/3

Back 32

Where actin branch points form, acts as a nucleating centre

Also helps Rac form lamelipodia in migratory cells

Front 33

Cdc42

Back 33

A Rho GTPase that activates WASP

Forms filopodia in migratory cells

Front 34

WASP

Back 34

Binds and activates Arp 2/3 that is already on an actin filament

Front 35

Lysteria

Back 35

Bacteria that imitates WASP and Cdc42

Front 36

CapZ

Back 36

Binds to the + end of actin to stabilize it

Front 37

Tropomodulin

Back 37

Binds to the - end of actin to stabilize it

Front 38

Fibrin

Back 38

Actin binding protein in microvilli, fillipodia and focal adhesions

Front 39

Alpha-actin

Back 39

Binding protein that is in stress fibres, fillipodia and Z lines

Front 40

Spectrin

Back 40

is a binding protein at the cell cortex

Front 41

Filamin

Back 41

Binding protein in leading edges, stress fibres and filopodia

Front 42

Dystrophin

Back 42

Binding protein involved in linking actin to the PM daily in muscle cells

Muscular dystrophy

Front 43

Ankyrin

Back 43

An AP that is linking the RBC with the actin cytoskeleton

It also links Vimentin to the plasma membrane

Front 44

S1 Myosin

Back 44

Just head and neck monomer, no tail

binds to actin points to - end when there is no ATP

Moves to + end when there is ATP

Front 45

Class 2 Myosin

Back 45

Bipolar structure

Thick filaments (in muscle)

Most abundant

Front 46

Class 5 Myosin

Back 46

Used in Organelle trafficking

Similar to kinesin-1

Steps 72nm

Tail binds to cargo

Moves towards + end

used in exocytosis

Front 47

I Bands

Back 47

Part of the sarcomere with just the actin filament

Gets smaller during contractions

Front 48

A Band

Back 48

Part of the sarcomere where the myosin thick filament is

Front 49

Nebulin

Back 49

Coats the actin thin filament in the sarcomere to ensure stability

Front 50

Titin

Back 50

Binds to the thick filaments to hold it in place, it is also bound to actin

Front 51

Cleavage furrow

Back 51

Part of the contractile ring, myosin 2 is found here

Front 52

Formin

Back 52

Caps the + end of Actin

When there is high concentrations of this things will be transported there

Front 53

Nitella

Back 53

an alga where cytoplasmic streaming happens

Front 54

Phosphorylation of myosin in smooth muscle

Back 54

When you want a contraction

Front 55

Stress fibers

Back 55

Long actin fibres which interact with myosin and other regulatory molecules

Front 56

Focal Adhesions

Back 56

Where the cell is bound to extracellular matrix

Front 57

4 steps to cell movement

Back 57

Extension, adhesion, translocation, de-adhesion

Front 58

Desmin

Back 58

Intermediate filament in muscles

Front 59

Vimentin

Back 59

Intermediate filament in mesenchymal cells

Front 60

Rac

Back 60

Makes lamelipodia in a migratory cell

Front 61

Plectin

Back 61

An intermediate filament associated protein that binds IF to MT so it is also a microtubule associated protein

Front 62

LAP2

Back 62

Links Lamin A and B to the nuclear membrane

Front 63

Channel

Back 63

Made of 2 Connexons

12 Connexins

A high level of calcium closes the channel

Front 64

Hemidesmosomes

Back 64

Link cells to the extracellular matrix with keratin

Front 65

Desmosomes

Back 65

Link cells to other cells with keratin

Cadherin linking to keratin network

Front 66

Adherents Junction

Back 66

When Cadherins link to the actin cytoskeleton

Circumferential belt is just a large one

Front 67

N-CAM

Back 67

Part of the Ig Superfamily

Front 68

P-selectin

Back 68

Activated when there is an infection, binds to sugars on the WBC to slow it down

Front 69

PAF

Back 69

Activated when there is an infection, Binds to the WBC and activates integrins on the WBC

Front 70

I-CAM

Back 70

On the cell membrane, usually homophilic

But heterophilic when it binds to the integrins on the WBC

Pushes WBC in between cells

Front 71

Alpha 1 beta 1

Back 71

Integrin that binds to collagen

Front 72

Alpha 5 beta 1

Back 72

integrin that binds to fibronectin

Front 73

Alpha 6 Beta 1

Back 73

integrin that binds to Laminin

Front 74

RGD

Back 74

arginine, glycine and aspartic acid

the tri peptide sequence that all integrins bind to

Front 75

Major components of the ECM

Back 75

Collagen, Proteoglycans and multiadhesions proteins (fibronectin and laminin)

Front 76

3 Basic components of the cell membrane

Back 76

Sterols, Lipids and Proteins

Front 77

Acetylation

Back 77

happens to Glycine residue on the N-termal side of the protein

Links protein on cytosolic side

Front 78

Prenylation

Back 78

Cysteine residue on the C-term also on cytosolic side

Front 79

Hydrophobic C-term sequence

Back 79

Get3 recognizes it and uses ATP to put it in the membrane

Front 80

Type 1

Back 80

N-term and STA sequence

Front 81

Type 2

Back 81

SA sequence

Lots of charged amino acids, N-term remains in cytosol

Front 82

Type 3

Back 82

SA sequence

No charged amino acids, N-term will go into lumen

Front 83

SA

Back 83

Signal anchor sequence

going from the cytosol to the lumen

Front 84

STA

Back 84

Stop transfer anchor sequence

going from the lumen to the cytosol

Front 85

Partition Coefficient

Back 85

Used in passive diffusion

the higher it is the higher it will pass through the membrane

Front 86

Muscle Calcium ATPase

Back 86

2 Calcium per 1 ATP

after calcium has been released for a muscle contraction

Front 87

Sodium Potassium ATPase

Back 87

Antiporter

3 sodium out of cytosol and 2 Potassium in per 1 ATP

Front 88

Sodium and glucose symporter

Back 88

2 sodium down gradient (into the cell)

1 glucose against gradient (into the cell)