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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three key electron carriers that harvest energy from glucose?
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NAD+, FAD, NADP+
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What type of reaction causes a compound to LOSE electrons
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Oxidation reaction
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What type of reaction causes a compound to GAIN electrons
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Reduction reaction
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What is the difference between cyclic and non-cyclic phosphorlyation in plants?
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non-cyclic uses light energy to make ATP ANNND NADPH. Cyclic uses it to make ONLY ATP.
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Where does glycolosis take place?
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Cytoplasm
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Where do The Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative phosphorylation take place?
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Mitochondria (POWERHOUSE)
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What happens if there is no oxygen during TCA cycle?
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Cycle shuts down, no oxygen present to accept final electron transfer
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What can the cell do with acetyl-coa?
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oxdize it to form ATP, and fat synthesis
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Which process dominates when there is LOTS of ATP in the cell?
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oxidative pathway is inhibited, - cell makes fatty acids
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Which process dominates when there is LOW ATP in cell ?
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oxidative pathway dominates
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Is glucose the ONLY fuel molecule?
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NO - fats and proteins as well.
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During glycolysis high levels of ATP inhibit the enzyme______?
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phosphofructokinase
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How many molecules of pyruvate does one glucose molecule produce?
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TWO pyruvate molecules
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What carrier molecules result from glycolysis?
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ATP and NADH
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What happens to the pyruvate molecules?
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Transported from cytosol into mitochondria - transformed into Acetyl-coA and CO2.
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What is the function of reduced energy carriers?
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They transfer electrons to the matrix side of the inner-mitochondrial membrane
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For every two electron carriers, what is produced?
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One O2 molecule is reduced to TWO molecules of WATER
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What is the ultimate electron acceptor at the end of the ETC?
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OXYGEN!
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How are the molecules arranged in the ETC?
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from Lowest to Highest electronegativity
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What is the process of the ETC that generates ATP?
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CHEMIOSMOSIS
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How does chemiosmosis work?
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protons are pumped across membrane, - this proton gradient is harnessed by ATP synthase to produce ATP
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What is the energy yield from 1 molecule of glucose?
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30 ATP
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Which is more efficient, aerobic respiration or fermentation?
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AEROBIC RESP.!
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Where does the electron transfer take place in chloroplast?
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thylakoid membrane
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Where does the carbon-fixation reaction take place?
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STROMA
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Which amino acid is unique to RNA
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URACIL
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Which amino acid is unique to DNA?
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THYMINE
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What reaction drives RNA synthesis?
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Exergonic hydrolysis of ATP
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How does an mRNA codon specify an amino acid
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Adapter molecule holds amino acid in place while interacting
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What do tRNAs look like?
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A CLOVERLEAF
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Proposition that the anticodon of tRNAs can still bind successfully to a codon whose third position requires a nonstandard base pairing
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Wobble hypothesis
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What initiates translation?
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Initiator tRNA binds to small ribosomal subunit
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What terminates translation?
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Presence of stop codons in mRNA
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